Provided are sulfide solid electrolyte particles which have sufficient ion conductivity and which are, when used in an all-solid-state battery, configured to suppress a resistance increase rate after charge-discharge cycles, and an all-solid-state battery comprising the sulfide solid electrolyte particles. The sulfide solid electrolyte particles may be sulfide solid electrolyte particles comprising a sulfide solid electrolyte that comprises Li, P, S and a halogen as constituent elements, wherein an oxygen/sulfur element ratio of a particle surface measured by XPS, is 0.79 or more and 1.25 or less, and an oxygen/sulfur element ratio at a depth of 30 nm (in terms of a SiO.sub.2 sputter rate) from the particle surface measured by XPS, is 0.58 or less.

A method for preparing all-solid-state photonic crystal fiber preform by extrusion by aligning the center of the first jacking end of the first jacking rod with the center of the core outlet mold. The adverse effect on this part of extruded core glass by oxygen or other impurities in air during the extrusion out of the core outlets can be avoided. The defects on the core glass surface and the cladding glass surface can be effectively removed, and the purity and quality of the core component in the obtained fiber preform can be improved.

A standalone lithium ion-conductive sulfide solid electrolyte can include a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium-ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. Methods of making and using the electrolyte, and battery cells and cell components incorporating the electrolyte are also disclosed.

A standalone lithium ion-conductive sulfide solid electrolyte can include a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium-ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. Methods of making and using the electrolyte, and battery cells and cell components incorporating the electrolyte are also disclosed.

A compound comprising phosphorus atoms and sulfur atoms as constituent elements and having a peak in Raman spectroscopy, the peak being attributable to a disulfide bond bonding between two phosphorus atoms.

Methods and systems for providing de-icing and/or de-fogging of an optical element include providing a resistive layer on an optically transparent material. In one embodiment, an optical system includes an optical device having a moldable optical material having a first surface, a resistive transparent material deposited in a layer on the first surface, and a conductive pad in electrical contact with the resistive transparent material. A method can include providing a moldable optical material having a first surface, a resistive transparent material deposited in a layer on the first surface, and a conductive pad in electrical contact with the resistive transparent material, and providing electrical energy to the conductive pad to heat the resistive transparent material.

Provided are sulfide solid electrolyte particles which have sufficient ion conductivity and which are configured to suppress hydrogen sulfide generation, and an all-solid-state battery comprising the sulfide solid electrolyte particles. Disclosed are sulfide solid electrolyte particles comprising Li, P, S and a halogen as constituent elements and having a Li/P molar ratio of more than 3, wherein an oxygen/sulfur element ratio of a particle surface measured by XPS is 0.29 or more and 0.81 and less, and an oxygen/sulfur element ratio at a depth of 30 nm (in terms of a SiO.sub.2 sputter rate) from the particle surface measured by XPS, is 0.29 or less.

Provided is a phosphorus sulfide composition for a sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte material, the phosphorus sulfide composition including P.sub.4S.sub.10 and P.sub.4S.sub.5, in which when a total content of P.sub.4S.sub.10, P.sub.4S.sub.5, P.sub.4S.sub.7, and P.sub.4S.sub.3 in the phosphorus sulfide composition is represented by 100 mass %, a content of P.sub.4S.sub.10 calculated from a solid .sup.31P-NMR spectrum is 70 mass % or more and 99 mass % or less.

A method of manufacturing an inorganic material includes: a step (A) of preparing a first inorganic material as a raw material; and a step (B) of obtaining a second inorganic material by crushing the first inorganic material using a ball mill to obtain fine particles of the first inorganic material, the ball mill including a cylindrical container and crushing balls, in which the step (B) includes a step (B1) of putting the first inorganic material and the crushing balls into the cylindrical container and subsequently rotating the cylindrical container about a cylindrical shaft and a step (B2) of moving the cylindrical container such that the first inorganic material moves in the cylindrical shaft direction.

Provided is an ATR prism, including a material having an internal transmittance of 90% or higher at a wavelength falling within a wavelength range of from 8 μm to 10 μm, when the material has a thickness of 2 mm. The ATR prism includes: a first surface including a first totally reflecting surface; a second surface including a second totally reflecting surface; and a recessed portion formed in one of the first surface or the second surface.