A structural material composition comprises: a geopolymer matrix, the geopolymer matrix formed from an alumina silicate source and an alkaline activator; and an antibacterial agent (e.g. biocide and/or heavy-metal based antibacterial agent) encapsulated in an antibacterial agent carrier to form a first plurality of encapsulated antibacterial agent particles. The first plurality of encapsulated antibacterial agent particles is integrated with the geopolymer matrix during polymerization.

A structural material composition comprises: a geopolymer matrix, the geopolymer matrix formed from an alumina silicate source and an alkaline activator; and an antibacterial agent (e.g. biocide and/or heavy-metal based antibacterial agent) encapsulated in an antibacterial agent carrier to form a first plurality of encapsulated antibacterial agent particles. The first plurality of encapsulated antibacterial agent particles is integrated with the geopolymer matrix during polymerization.

A concrete element with improved fire resistance having a textile reinforcement, such as carbon fibers. The concrete covers the textile reinforcement around 10 to 25 mm, the concrete being made from binding agents based on geopolymers or calcium-aluminate cements or Portland cement or blast furnace cement combined with an increased concentration of more than 2 kg/m.sup.3 polypropylene fibres and high temperature resistant aggregates. The textile reinforcement with fibers/filaments are impregnated with an impregnation mass/resin, ensuring, even at very high temperatures, a transmission of force between the fibres and the impregnation mass and protecting against the entry of oxygen. It also contains an organic faction of, for example, a maximum of 20 wt. %, wherein the impregnation masses being used, have a filler which is stable at high temperatures in an added amount of, for example, at least 12.5% in the form of particles.

A concrete element with improved fire resistance having a textile reinforcement, such as carbon fibers. The concrete covers the textile reinforcement around 10 to 25 mm, the concrete being made from binding agents based on geopolymers or calcium-aluminate cements or Portland cement or blast furnace cement combined with an increased concentration of more than 2 kg/m.sup.3 polypropylene fibres and high temperature resistant aggregates. The textile reinforcement with fibers/filaments are impregnated with an impregnation mass/resin, ensuring, even at very high temperatures, a transmission of force between the fibres and the impregnation mass and protecting against the entry of oxygen. It also contains an organic faction of, for example, a maximum of 20 wt. %, wherein the impregnation masses being used, have a filler which is stable at high temperatures in an added amount of, for example, at least 12.5% in the form of particles.

Provided is a cutting tool comprising a base material and a film arranged on the base material, in which the film includes a hard carbon film on the outermost surface thereof, the hard carbon film includes a first region, the first region is a region sandwiched between the surface of the hard carbon film and an imaginary plane P at a distance of 40 nm from the surface to the base material side, and the sp2 component amount C2 and the sp3 component amount C3 in the first region exhibit a relationship of the following formula 1:

{C2/(C2+C3)}?100?2.0formula 1.

Provided is a cutting tool comprising a base material and a film arranged on the base material, in which the film includes a hard carbon film on the outermost surface thereof, the hard carbon film includes a first region, the first region is a region sandwiched between the surface of the hard carbon film and an imaginary plane P at a distance of 40 nm from the surface to the base material side, and the sp2 component amount C2 and the sp3 component amount C3 in the first region exhibit a relationship of the following formula 1:

{C2/(C2+C3)}?100?2.0formula 1.

Geopolymer slurry compositions and methods are described herein that can be used for repair operations in previously cemented wells. The compositions and methods comprise geopolymer slurry compositions having a first component comprising an aqueous-based fluid; a second component comprising an aluminosilicate material; and a third component that activates a polymerization reaction in the slurry composition upon contact with a set cementitious material. The third component can include a set cementitious material.