The present invention relates to a novel chemical composition for removing oil from asphalt shingles. The composition preferably comprises approximately 48% water, 48% fuel such as gasoline or diesel, 2% alcohol, 1.5% citrus and 0.5% enzyme by weight. The composition is used in a system comprising a plurality of tanks that operate under a controlled heat and pressure to breakdown oil components within the shingles. The system uses a closed loop process to feed back the residual ingredients of the composition for reuse. Once through the system, the oil is removed from the asphalt shingles, thereby preventing oil from leeching into the groundwater when the asphalt shingles are disposed of.

The present disclosure generally relates to scavenging hydrogen sulfide. The disclosure pertains to non-aqueous and non-volatile compositions that include a monolignol alcohol and hydrogen sulfide scavenging compound. The hydrogen sulfide scavenging compound may be hexamine in some aspects. The compositions may also include a C.sub.2-8 polyol. The compositions disclosed are stable and can be used, for example, in removing hydrogen sulfide from hot asphalt.

An aqueous modified acid composition for industrial activities, said composition comprising: an alkanolamine and strong acid in a molar ratio of not less than 1:15, preferably not less than 1:10; it can also further comprise a metal iodide or iodate. Said composition demonstrates advantages over known conventional acids and modified acids.

The invention discloses a biologically active zirconia denture has a gradient structure, the gradient structure consisting of a biomimetic nano-gradient biologically active outer surface layer, the nano-gradient outer surface layer is composed of zirconia nanocrystals and a plurality of nanopores penetrating gradiently through the layer, a micron-gradient biocompatible inner layer, the micron-gradient inner surface layer is composed of zirconia microncrystals and a plurality of micronpores penetrating gradiently through the layer, a dense micron-gradient biocompatible matrix structure, a uniform gradient transition is formed at the interface between the nano-gradient outer layer and the micron-gradient inner layer, and the micron-gradient inner layer and the matrix. The invention has the advantages of high strength, high toughness, low friction coefficient, low abrasion to the teeth, good biocompatibility and biological activity.

The present invention is an efflorescence removing chemical liquid containing hydrochloric acid capable of efficiently dissolving efflorescence even in locations where the efflorescence removal work is performed in an underground space that is not adequately ventilated, i.e., in a nearly enclosed space. In addition, when the amount of hydrochloric acid exceeds 10%, the liquid is designated as a deleterious substance under Japan's Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act, and hence the wastewater after efflorescence removal cannot be easily disposed of underground or elsewhere. The invention solves all of these problems.

The efflorescence removing chemical liquid in the present invention is made by mixing water, hydrochloric acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid, which makes it possible to dramatically suppress the irritating odor of hydrochloric acid by the action of lactic acid. In addition, when the amount of hydrochloric acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid mixed in a prescribed amount of water is 10% or less by weight, 3.6% or less by weight, and 5% or less by weight, respectively, it is possible to provide a comfortable working condition without causing mental or physical discomfort to workers. Furthermore, the effluent after efflorescence removal can be easily treated even at underground sites by mixing it with natural wastewater or washing water that can be stored onsite as an ordinary substance, not as a deleterious substance.

An aqueous modified acid composition for industrial activities, said composition comprising: an alkanolamine and strong acid in a molar ratio of not less than 1:15, preferably not less than 1:10; it can also further comprise a metal iodide or iodate. Said composition demonstrates advantages over known conventional acids and modified acids.

An aqueous modified acid composition for industrial activities, said composition comprising: an alkanolamine and strong acid in a molar ratio of not less than 1:15, preferably not less than 1:10; it can also further comprise a metal iodide or iodate. Said composition demonstrates advantages over known conventional acids and modified acids.

A ceramic and plastic composite and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed. A chemical cleaning treatment, a microetching treatment, a hole reaming treatment, and a surface activating treatment are performed on the surface of a ceramic matrix to form nanoholes with an average diameter ranging between 150 nm and 450 nm. Plastics are injected onto the surface of the baked ceramic matrix to form a plastic layer. The plastic layer more deeply fills the nanoholes to have higher adhesion. Thus, the higher combined strength and air tightness exist between the ceramic matrix and the plastic layer to improve the reliability and the using performance of the ceramic and plastic composite.

The present disclosure generally relates to scavenging hydrogen sulfide. The disclosure pertains to non-aqueous and non-volatile compositions that include a monolignol alcohol and hydrogen sulfide scavenging compound. The hydrogen sulfide scavenging compound may be hexamine in some aspects. The compositions may also include a C.sub.2-8 polyol. The compositions disclosed are stable and can be used, for example, in removing hydrogen sulfide from hot asphalt.

An aqueous modified acid composition for industrial activities, said composition comprising: an alkanolamine and strong acid in a molar ratio of not less than 1:15, preferably not less than 1:10; it can also further comprise a metal iodide or iodate. Said composition demonstrates advantages over known conventional acids and modified acids.