Various examples related to portland cement manufacturing using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash are provided. In one example, a method includes providing a raw kiln feed including MSWI to a kiln, forming ash-amended clinker (ACK) by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln, and preparing ash-amended cement (AAC) from the ACK. The MSWI bottom ash can make up about 5% by mass or less of the raw kiln feed. The ACK can have a chemical composition that meets ASTM C150/ASTM C595, and the AAC can include arsenic, barium, copper, and lead consistent with defined Soil Cleanup Target Levels. In another example, a system includes a kiln, a kiln feed system that supplies raw kiln feed including MSWI bottom ash to the kiln, and a finish mill that grinds ACK formed by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln to form AAC.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

Various examples related to portland cement manufacturing using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash are provided. In one example, a method includes providing a raw kiln feed including MSWI to a kiln, forming ash-amended clinker (ACK) by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln, and preparing ash-amended cement (AAC) from the ACK. The MSWI bottom ash can make up about 5% by mass or less of the raw kiln feed. The ACK can have a chemical composition that meets ASTM C150/ASTM C595, and the AAC can include arsenic, barium, copper, and lead consistent with defined Soil Cleanup Target Levels. In another example, a system includes a kiln, a kiln feed system that supplies raw kiln feed including MSWI bottom ash to the kiln, and a finish mill that grinds ACK formed by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln to form AAC.

Various examples related to portland cement manufacturing using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash are provided. In one example, a method includes providing a raw kiln feed including MSWI to a kiln, forming ash-amended clinker (ACK) by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln, and preparing ash-amended cement (AAC) from the ACK. The MSWI bottom ash can make up about 5% by mass or less of the raw kiln feed. The ACK can have a chemical composition that meets ASTM C150/ASTM C595, and the AAC can include arsenic, barium, copper, and lead consistent with defined Soil Cleanup Target Levels. In another example, a system includes a kiln, a kiln feed system that supplies raw kiln feed including MSWI bottom ash to the kiln, and a finish mill that grinds ACK formed by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln to form AAC.

This burned cement clinker is a burned cement clinker including at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorine, sulfur, chlorine and bromine, and at least one metallic element(s) selected from the group consisting of elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table. Preferably, the amount of fluorine is within a range from 300 to 750 mg/kg, the amount of sulfur (expressed in terms of SO.sub.3) is within a range from 1.5 to 3.0% by mass, the amount of at least one chlorine equivalent(s) selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine is within a range from 150 to 350 mg/kg, and the amount of at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table is within a range from 0.2 to 0.8% by mass.

Provided is a method for controlling a free lime content of a clinker by regulating the free lime content. Here the amount of sulfur trioxide resulting from fuel and the used amount of a fluorine-based mineralizer are regulated using the following Formulas (1) to (3), thereby controlling the free lime content (f.CaO) of the clinker.
f.CaO=0.29e.sup.(0.65A)(A=aSO.sub.3+b)(1)
a=0.0001F+9.2t0.18HM9.2(2)
b=0.0005F32.8t2.9HM+28.4(3) SO.sub.3 is an amount of sulfur trioxide in the clinker; a is a coefficient satisfying Formula (2); b is a coefficient satisfying Formula (3); F is an amount of fluorine in the clinker; when a burning temperature is X C., t=X/1450; and HM is a hydraulic modulus.