An integrated process is provided for producing benzene, toluene, and/or xylene and hydrogen from shale gas under the feeding of carbon dioxide. The integrated process for producing an aromatic compound and hydrogen can efficiently and continuously produce high value-added aromatic compounds and hydrogen without the need to separate methane from shale gas through cryogenic distillation.

An integrated process is provided for producing benzene, toluene, and/or xylene and hydrogen from shale gas under the feeding of carbon dioxide. The integrated process for producing an aromatic compound and hydrogen can efficiently and continuously produce high value-added aromatic compounds and hydrogen without the need to separate methane from shale gas through cryogenic distillation.

The present invention relates to a material comprising (i) an inner part comprising or consisting of bulk silicon, (ii) an outer part comprising or consisting of a silicon-based compound, said silicon-based compound comprising of silicon and a non-metal element, and (iii) clusters comprising or consisting of a transition metal. The present invention relates to preparation and applications of said material.

The present invention relates to a material comprising (i) an inner part comprising or consisting of bulk silicon, (ii) an outer part comprising or consisting of a silicon-based compound, said silicon-based compound comprising of silicon and a non-metal element, and (iii) clusters comprising or consisting of a transition metal. The present invention relates to preparation and applications of said material.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of this gas processing system.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of this gas processing system.

In a process for the catalytic conversion of lower hydrocarbons to aromatic compounds comprising benzene, toluene and xylenes, a process stream containing lower hydrocarbons is contacted with a zeolitic catalyst having an MFI framework and containing 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of a zinc compound. The process stream further contains one or more sulfur compounds, especially hydrogen sulfide, for improving the selectivity.

In a process for the catalytic conversion of lower hydrocarbons to aromatic compounds comprising benzene, toluene and xylenes, a process stream containing lower hydrocarbons is contacted with a zeolitic catalyst having an MFI framework and containing 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of a zinc compound. The process stream further contains one or more sulfur compounds, especially hydrogen sulfide, for improving the selectivity.

A method for the aromatization of hydrocarbons, comprising: introducing a feed stream to an aromatization catalyst in a fixed bed reactor wherein the feed stream comprises a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, converting the hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form an outlet stream comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon; wherein the feed stream is introduced at a GHSV of greater than or equal to 4,000 milliliters per gram of catalyst per hour(ml.Math.g.sup.−1 Cat.Math.h.sup.−1), and a pressure of greater than or equal to 0.4 MPa. The feed stream can comprise hydrogen in an amount of at least 0.1 volume percent (vol %) up to 20 vol % based upon total volume of the feed stream.

A method for the aromatization of hydrocarbons, comprising: introducing a feed stream to an aromatization catalyst in a fixed bed reactor wherein the feed stream comprises a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, converting the hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form an outlet stream comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon; wherein the feed stream is introduced at a GHSV of greater than or equal to 4,000 milliliters per gram of catalyst per hour(ml.Math.g.sup.−1 Cat.Math.h.sup.−1), and a pressure of greater than or equal to 0.4 MPa. The feed stream can comprise hydrogen in an amount of at least 0.1 volume percent (vol %) up to 20 vol % based upon total volume of the feed stream.