The present invention relates to a process for converting an amide into an amine comprising hydrogenation of the amide at a temperature not higher than 130° C. and a hydrogen pressure not higher than 50 bar in the presence of a supported heterogeneous catalyst preparable by a method comprising depositing vanadium on a supported noble metal catalyst by impregnation.

The present invention relates to a process for converting an amide into an amine comprising hydrogenation of the amide at a temperature not higher than 130° C. and a hydrogen pressure not higher than 50 bar in the presence of a supported heterogeneous catalyst preparable by a method comprising depositing vanadium on a supported noble metal catalyst by impregnation.

The present invention relates to a process for converting an amide into an amine comprising hydrogenation of the amide at a temperature not higher than 130° C. and a hydrogen pressure not higher than 50 bar in the presence of a supported heterogeneous catalyst preparable by a method comprising depositing vanadium on a supported noble metal catalyst by impregnation.

The instant invention provides for novel catiome lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with oligonucleotides. It is an object of the instant invention to provide a cationic lipid scaffold that demonstrates enhanced efficacy along with lower liver toxicity as a result of lower lipid levels in the liver. The present invention employs low molecular weight cationic lipids with one short lipid chain to enhance the efficiency and tolerability of in vivo delivery of siRNA.

The instant invention provides for novel catiome lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with oligonucleotides. It is an object of the instant invention to provide a cationic lipid scaffold that demonstrates enhanced efficacy along with lower liver toxicity as a result of lower lipid levels in the liver. The present invention employs low molecular weight cationic lipids with one short lipid chain to enhance the efficiency and tolerability of in vivo delivery of siRNA.

The instant invention provides for novel catiomc lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with oligonucleotides. It is an object of the instant invention to provide a cationic lipid scaffold that demonstrates enhanced efficacy along with lower liver toxicity as a result of lower lipid levels in the liver. The present invention employs low molecular weight cationic lipids with one short lipid chain to enhance the efficiency and tolerability of in vivo delivery of siRNA.

The instant invention provides for novel catiomc lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components such as cholesterol and PEG-lipids to form lipid nanoparticles with oligonucleotides. It is an object of the instant invention to provide a cationic lipid scaffold that demonstrates enhanced efficacy along with lower liver toxicity as a result of lower lipid levels in the liver. The present invention employs low molecular weight cationic lipids with one short lipid chain to enhance the efficiency and tolerability of in vivo delivery of siRNA.

Disclosed is a method for efficiently synthesizing primary amines, which comprises using carbonyl compounds or alcohol compounds as reaction substrate, liquid ammonia or alcohol solutions of ammonia as nitrogen source, and hydrogen as hydrogen source, and reacting in reaction medium catalyzed by a cobalt-based catalyst to obtain the primary amines. Due to high catalytic activity, the method can realize the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds and the hydrogen-borrowing amination of alcohol compounds at low temperatures in a short time to obtain the primary amines with high yield, and is applicable to a wide range of substrates. The obtained primary amines can be used as raw materials with high extra value for producing polymers, medicines, dyes and surfactants. Further, the cobalt-based catalyst has a good industrial application prospect because it is magnetic which can facilitate separation and recycling of the catalyst. Moreover, the inexpensive cobalt-based catalyst can significantly reduce industrialization cost.

Disclosed is a method for efficiently synthesizing primary amines, which comprises using carbonyl compounds or alcohol compounds as reaction substrate, liquid ammonia or alcohol solutions of ammonia as nitrogen source, and hydrogen as hydrogen source, and reacting in reaction medium catalyzed by a cobalt-based catalyst to obtain the primary amines. Due to high catalytic activity, the method can realize the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds and the hydrogen-borrowing amination of alcohol compounds at low temperatures in a short time to obtain the primary amines with high yield, and is applicable to a wide range of substrates. The obtained primary amines can be used as raw materials with high extra value for producing polymers, medicines, dyes and surfactants. Further, the cobalt-based catalyst has a good industrial application prospect because it is magnetic which can facilitate separation and recycling of the catalyst. Moreover, the inexpensive cobalt-based catalyst can significantly reduce industrialization cost.

STA-18, a molecular sieve having a SFW structure and containing phosphorus in the framework, is described. STA-18AP (as prepared) can have a lower alkyl amine, such as trimethylamine, and one of 1,6-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)hexyl cations (from diDABCO-C6) or 1,7-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)heptyl cations (from diDABCO-C7) or 1,8-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)octyl cations (from diDABCO-C8) as SDAs. A lower alkyl ammonium hydroxide, such as tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, can be used as a pH modifier for making SAPO STA-18. A calcined product, STA-18C, formed from STA-18AP is also described. Methods of preparing STA-18AP, STA-18C and metal containing calcined counterparts of STA-18C are described along with methods of using STA-18C and metal containing calcined counterparts of STA-18C in a variety of processes, such as treating exhaust gases and converting methanol to olefins are described.