There is disclosed a process for recovering monoethanolamine from an aqueous mother liquor solution comprising the steps of: (a) adding excess ammonia or alkali hydroxide and a solvent to the aqueous solution comprised of monoethanolamine sulfate and at least one component selected from the group of inorganic salts consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfite, alkali sulfite, and alkali sulfate, to precipitate the inorganic salts, wherein the alkali is lithium, sodium, or potassium; (b) separating the inorganic salts by means of a solid-liquid separation to yield an aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine; and (c) distilling the solvent to yield an aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine and optionally purifying the MEA by distillation. The recovered MEA is recycled to produce taurine.

There is disclosed a process for recovering monoethanolamine from an aqueous mother liquor solution comprising the steps of: (a) adding excess ammonia or alkali hydroxide and a solvent to the aqueous solution comprised of monoethanolamine sulfate and at least one component selected from the group of inorganic salts consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfite, alkali sulfite, and alkali sulfate, to precipitate the inorganic salts, wherein the alkali is lithium, sodium, or potassium; (b) separating the inorganic salts by means of a solid-liquid separation to yield an aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine; and (c) distilling the solvent to yield an aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine and optionally purifying the MEA by distillation. The recovered MEA is recycled to produce taurine.

There is disclosed a process for recovering monoethanolamine from an aqueous mother liquor solution comprising the steps of: (a) adding excess ammonia or alkali hydroxide and a solvent to the aqueous solution comprised of monoethanolamine sulfate and at least one component selected from the group of inorganic salts consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfite, alkali sulfite, and alkali sulfate, to precipitate the inorganic salts, wherein the alkali is lithium, sodium, or potassium; (b) separating the inorganic salts by means of a solid-liquid separation to yield an aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine; and (c) distilling the solvent to yield an aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine and optionally purifying the MEA by distillation. The recovered MEA is recycled to produce taurine.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I′), methods of using the compounds as immunomodulators, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and are useful in treating, preventing or ameliorating diseases or disorders such as cancer or infections.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I′), methods of using the compounds as immunomodulators, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and are useful in treating, preventing or ameliorating diseases or disorders such as cancer or infections.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides new salts and crystalline forms of leukadherin LA1 [(Z)-4-(5-((3-benzyl-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)furan-2-yl)benzoic acid] according to Formula I. Methods for preparation of the salts and crystalline forms are also described, as well as methods for treating β2 integrin-mediated diseases and conditions using the salts and crystalline forms.

The present invention provides new salts and crystalline forms of leukadherin LA1 [(Z)-4-(5-((3-benzyl-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)furan-2-yl)benzoic acid] according to Formula I. Methods for preparation of the salts and crystalline forms are also described, as well as methods for treating β2 integrin-mediated diseases and conditions using the salts and crystalline forms.

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.