A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

##STR00001##

Lysosomally accumulated substances that release a nitroxy group, or a short chain fatty acid or a product of anaerobic metabolism or a thiol or a sulfide often from an ester or similar labile linkage have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity. They are useful in treating infectious, inflammatory and malignant disease.

Lysosomally accumulated substances that release a nitroxy group, or a short chain fatty acid or a product of anaerobic metabolism or a thiol or a sulfide often from an ester or similar labile linkage have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity. They are useful in treating infectious, inflammatory and malignant disease.

The present invention provides a cationic lipid, which allow nucleic acids to be easily introduced into cells, represented by formula (I) (wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, the same or different, alkenyl, etc, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms, or are combined together to form a single bond or alkylene, and X.sup.3 is absent or is alkyl, etc, Y is absent or anion, a and b are, the same or different, 0 to 3, and L.sup.3 is a single bond, etc, R.sup.3 is alkyl, etc, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—), a composition comprising the cationic lipid and a nucleic acid, and a method for introducing a nucleic acid into a cell by using the composition comprising the cationic lipid and the nucleic acid, and the like. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides a cationic lipid, which allow nucleic acids to be easily introduced into cells, represented by formula (I) (wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, the same or different, alkenyl, etc, and X.sup.1 and X.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms, or are combined together to form a single bond or alkylene, and X.sup.3 is absent or is alkyl, etc, Y is absent or anion, a and b are, the same or different, 0 to 3, and L.sup.3 is a single bond, etc, R.sup.3 is alkyl, etc, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—), a composition comprising the cationic lipid and a nucleic acid, and a method for introducing a nucleic acid into a cell by using the composition comprising the cationic lipid and the nucleic acid, and the like. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I): ##STR00001##

The present disclosure describes compositions, preparations, nanoparticles (such as lipid nanoparticles), and/or nanomaterials and methods of their use.