This invention provides a process for preparing 1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one and analogues thereof that are useful in the preparation of pharmaceutical compound, including for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Chemical intermediates in the process are also provided.

This invention provides a process for preparing 1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one and analogues thereof that are useful in the preparation of pharmaceutical compound, including for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Chemical intermediates in the process are also provided.

This invention provides a process for preparing 1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one and analogues thereof that are useful in the preparation of pharmaceutical compound, including for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Chemical intermediates in the process are also provided.

This invention provides a process for preparing 1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one and analogues thereof that are useful in the preparation of pharmaceutical compound, including for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Chemical intermediates in the process are also provided.

The disclosure relates to ionizable lipids and compositions comprising the ionizable lipids. Lipid-nanoparticle compositions comprised of an ionizable lipid, optionally in combination with other lipid components such as helper lipids, stabilization lipids and structural lipids, and a therapeutic agent, such as a nucleic acid, for delivery to mammalian cells or organs are described.

The disclosure relates to ionizable lipids and compositions comprising the ionizable lipids. Lipid-nanoparticle compositions comprised of an ionizable lipid, optionally in combination with other lipid components such as helper lipids, stabilization lipids and structural lipids, and a therapeutic agent, such as a nucleic acid, for delivery to mammalian cells or organs are described.

This invention provides a process for preparing 1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one and analogues thereof that are useful in the preparation of pharmaceutical compound, including for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Chemical intermediates in the process are also provided.

This invention provides a process for preparing 1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one and analogues thereof that are useful in the preparation of pharmaceutical compound, including for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Chemical intermediates in the process are also provided.

Provided is a polar compound that has high chemical stability and high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, and has a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device.

The compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; a and b are 0 to 4, and a sum of a and b is 4 or less; d is 1 to 4; c and e are 0 to 4; P.sup.1 to P.sup.3 are a polymerizable group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-5):

##STR00002##

in which M.sup.1 to M.sup.3 are hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c):

##STR00003##

in which Sp.sup.1 to Sp.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.

Provided is a polar compound that has high chemical stability and high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, and has a large voltage holding ratio when used in a liquid crystal display device.

The compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.5 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; a and b are 0 to 4, and a sum of a and b is 4 or less; d is 1 to 4; c and e are 0 to 4; P.sup.1 to P.sup.3 are a polymerizable group represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-5):

##STR00002##

in which M.sup.1 to M.sup.3 are hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; and R.sup.2 is a group represented by formulas (1a) to (1c):

##STR00003##

in which Sp.sup.1 to Sp.sup.5 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S.sup.1 is >CH; S.sup.2 is >C<; and X.sup.1 is OH.