The present invention relates to the calcium complex of (4RS)(4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oato(5-))pentahydrogen (BOPTA) in the form of a salt, to the process for its preparation and to a formulation comprising said salt.

The present invention relates to the calcium complex of (4RS)(4-carboxy-5,8,11-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-phenyl oxa-5,8,11-triazatridecan-13-oato(5-))pentahydrogen (BOPTA) in the form of a salt, to the process for its preparation and to a formulation comprising said salt.

A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.

A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.

A method for preparing L-carnitine using a micro-reaction system. (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutyrate was subjected to quaternization and hydrolysis in an aqueous trimethylamine solution in the presence of an inorganic base in a micro-channel reactor to produce the L-carnitine.

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO by providing a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

##STR00001##

Compounds are provided that are useful as immunomodulators. The compounds have the following Formula (II):

##STR00001##

including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

Provided herein are lipid compounds that can be used in combination with other lipid components, such as neutral lipids, cholesterol and polymer conjugated lipids, to form lipid nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acid molecules) for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, including vaccination. Also provided herein are lipid nanoparticle compositions comprising said lipid compounds.

Provided herein are lipid compounds that can be used in combination with other lipid components, such as neutral lipids, cholesterol and polymer conjugated lipids, to form lipid nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acid molecules) for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, including vaccination. Also provided herein are lipid nanoparticle compositions comprising said lipid compounds.

Disclosed are a deuterated compound of fomula (I), or a salt thereof, and methods for preparation thereof. The present disclosure may provide a mild, versatile organophotoredox method for the preparation of diverse, enantioenriched α-deuterated α-amino acids. In particular, the present disclosure may address the long-standing challenge of installing sterically demanding side chains into α-amino acids, including late-stage modifications on medicinal agents and natural products.