Disulfide-Isomerase A4 (PDIA4) inhibitors and use thereof for inhibiting pancreatic β-cell pathogenesis and treating diabetes are disclosed. Drug candidates that inhibit PDIA4 with IC50 values ranging from 4 μM to 300 nM are identified. The compounds are highly active in augmenting insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The representative compound No. 8 (4,5-dimethoxy-2-propiolamidobenzoic acid), alone or in combination with metformin, is effective in preserving pancreatic β-cell function, treating and/or reversing, returning blood glucose concentration to a normal level in a diabetic.

A use of an anthranilic acid derivative as a matrix for a MALDI Mass spectrometry, comprising: preparing a matrix compound represented by the following formula: ##STR00001## wherein X is selected from hydrogen and a hydroxyl group, and Y is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group or an acetyl group, provided that when X is hydrogen, Y is hydrogen or an acetyl group, and when X is a hydroxyl group, Y is a methyl group; applying the matrix compound and an analyte onto a sample holder; and analyzing the analyte by the MALDI mass spectrometer.

A use of an anthranilic acid derivative as a matrix for a MALDI Mass spectrometry, comprising: preparing a matrix compound represented by the following formula: ##STR00001## wherein X is selected from hydrogen and a hydroxyl group, and Y is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group or an acetyl group, provided that when X is hydrogen, Y is hydrogen or an acetyl group, and when X is a hydroxyl group, Y is a methyl group; applying the matrix compound and an analyte onto a sample holder; and analyzing the analyte by the MALDI mass spectrometer.

Compositions and methods for treating macular degeneration and other forms of retinal disease whose etiology involves the accumulation of A2E and/or lipofuscin, and, more specifically, for preventing the formation and/or accumulation of A2E are disclosed.

Compositions and methods for treating macular degeneration and other forms of retinal disease whose etiology involves the accumulation of A2E and/or lipofuscin, and, more specifically, for preventing the formation and/or accumulation of A2E are disclosed.

Disclosed are small molecule PLK inhibitors that can target the polo box domain (PBD). Inhibitors can have an atomic mass of about 1000 Da or less and a general structure of ##STR00001##
For instance, the inhibitors can include an alkyl benzamido benzoic acid core structure.

A fragrance precursor of (E/Z)-9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal, comprising at least an enamine and/or an aminal as reaction product of (E/Z)-9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal (compound according to formula (I)) and a primary and/or secondary amine

##STR00001##

useful as a perfume ingredient.

A fragrance precursor of (E/Z)-9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal, comprising at least an enamine and/or an aminal as reaction product of (E/Z)-9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal (compound according to formula (I)) and a primary and/or secondary amine

##STR00001##

useful as a perfume ingredient.

Disclosed is a novel compound to function as a calcium-dependent chloride channel blocking agent.

Disclosed is a novel compound to function as a calcium-dependent chloride channel blocking agent.