A process for the production of organic chemicals and fuels from lignin in the presence of a molybdenum or tungsten based catalyst, comprising mixing the lignin with the catalyst and a solvent in a sealed reactor, introducing an inert gas or hydrogen to the reactor to replace oxygen therein, and heating the sealed reactor to perform a depolymerization reaction at a reaction temperature of above 200° C. to obtain liquid products, which include aromatic compounds, esters, alcohols, monophenols and benzyl alcohols.

The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, sugar) and ethylene in the presence of a catalyst. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which may be converted into para-xylene by cycloaddition of ethylene to DMF. Para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.

A catalyst composition is provided for isomerization of paraffins comprising of at least one heteropoly acid and reduced graphene oxide. Further provided are a process for preparation of the catalyst composition and a process for isomerization of paraffins using the catalytic composition.

A process for producing ethylene from an ethanol feedstock comprises a step of subjecting the ethanol feedstock to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a supported heteropolyacid salt catalyst. The supported heteropolyacid salt catalyst includes a support and a heteropolyacid salt compound which is carried on the support and which is represented by a formula as defined herein.

A two-step process for the oligomerization and hydration of a mixed butenes feed is provided and is implemented in a two-stage system. The two-step process yields a product consisting of diisobutenes (DIBs) and mixed butanols. The DIBs are produced via the selective oligomerization of isobutene in a first stage and the mixed butanols are produced via the hydration, in a second stage, of mixed butenes that remain unreacted in the first stage.

A catalyst composition is provided for isomerization of paraffins comprising of at least one heteropoly acid and reduced graphene oxide. Further provided are a process for preparation of the catalyst composition and a process for isomerization of paraffins using the catalytic composition.