A light-absorbing material includes a compound represented by the formula (1) below. In the formula (1), L.sup.1 to L.sup.3 are each independently represented by the formula (2) or (3) below:

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a thermally conductive material having excellent thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the present invention provides a device with a thermally conductive layer that has a thermally conductive layer containing the thermally conductive material and a composition for forming a thermally conductive material that is used for forming the thermally conductive material. The thermally conductive material according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a cured substance of a disk-like compound, which has one or more reactive functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid anhydride group, an amino group, a cyanate ester group, and a thiol group, and a crosslinking compound which has a group reacting with the reactive functional groups.

The present invention provides a thermally conductive material having excellent thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the present invention provides a device with a thermally conductive layer that has a thermally conductive layer containing the thermally conductive material and a composition for forming a thermally conductive material that is used for forming the thermally conductive material. The thermally conductive material according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a cured substance of a disk-like compound, which has one or more reactive functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid anhydride group, an amino group, a cyanate ester group, and a thiol group, and a crosslinking compound which has a group reacting with the reactive functional groups.

A process for upgrading brominated flame retardants comprises a) provision of a plastic comprising a flame retardant A consisting of a carbon-based chain substituted by at least two bromine atoms; b) recovery of a composition comprising said flame retardant A; c) bringing said composition comprising said flame retardant A into contact, in an organic solvent, with a compound A′ selected from the group consisting of Na2S2, K2S2, a potassium or sodium alkyl xanthate, and a compound of formula Y—SH in which Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal selected from rare earth metals, a —C(NH2)═NH unit or a —C(NR1R2)=NR3 unit; in order to form a mixture C comprising a compound B consisting of a carbon-based chain substituted by at least two —SH functional groups; and d) purification of the mixture C obtained and recovery of said compound B.

A process for upgrading brominated flame retardants comprises a) provision of a plastic comprising a flame retardant A consisting of a carbon-based chain substituted by at least two bromine atoms; b) recovery of a composition comprising said flame retardant A; c) bringing said composition comprising said flame retardant A into contact, in an organic solvent, with a compound A′ selected from the group consisting of Na2S2, K2S2, a potassium or sodium alkyl xanthate, and a compound of formula Y—SH in which Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal selected from rare earth metals, a —C(NH2)═NH unit or a —C(NR1R2)=NR3 unit; in order to form a mixture C comprising a compound B consisting of a carbon-based chain substituted by at least two —SH functional groups; and d) purification of the mixture C obtained and recovery of said compound B.

A predoping material is used for an alkali metal ion electric storage device and is represented by Formula (1):
RSM)n  (1)
where M represents lithium or sodium; n represents an integer of 2 to 6; and R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, or optionally substituted heterocycle having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).

A predoping material is used for an alkali metal ion electric storage device and is represented by Formula (1):
RSM)n  (1)
where M represents lithium or sodium; n represents an integer of 2 to 6; and R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, or optionally substituted heterocycle having 1 to 10 carbon atoms).

Provided are a removal liquid for removing an oxide of a Group III-V element, an oxidation prevention liquid for preventing the oxidation of an oxide of a Group III-V element or a treatment liquid for treating an oxide of a Group III-V element, each liquid including an acid and a mercapto compound; and a method using each of the same liquids. Further provided are a treatment liquid for treating a semiconductor substrate, including an acid and a mercapto compound, and a method for producing a semiconductor substrate product using the same.

Provided are a removal liquid for removing an oxide of a Group III-V element, an oxidation prevention liquid for preventing the oxidation of an oxide of a Group III-V element or a treatment liquid for treating an oxide of a Group III-V element, each liquid including an acid and a mercapto compound; and a method using each of the same liquids. Further provided are a treatment liquid for treating a semiconductor substrate, including an acid and a mercapto compound, and a method for producing a semiconductor substrate product using the same.

Provided is an additive for imparting ultraviolet absorbency, or an additive for imparting a high refractive index, which has satisfactory compatibility with a resin serving as a matrix and can maintain high transparency even if added in high concentrations. Also provided is an additive with which the function of imparting both ultraviolet absorbency and a high refractive index can be realized by means of one kind of additive. This additive is represented by the following Formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein at least one of R.sup.1a to R.sup.9a is a monovalent sulfur-containing group represented by the following Formula (i-1) or Formula (i-2):

##STR00002## wherein R.sup.10a to R.sup.12a each represent a divalent hydrocarbon group or the like; and R.sup.13a represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like.