The present invention relates to a hardmask composition including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a solvent, a hardmask layer including a cured product of the hardmask composition, and a pattern forming method using the hardmask composition.

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, the definitions of A, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5, and n are as described in the specification.

The present invention relates to a hardmask composition including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a solvent, a hardmask layer including a cured product of the hardmask composition, and a pattern forming method using the hardmask composition.

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, the definitions of A, R.sup.1 to R.sup.5, and n are as described in the specification.

Provided is a method for producing (alkyl)arene compounds represented by Formulae 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of alkyl halide compounds and arene compounds using organic phosphine compounds as a catalyst. ##STR00001##

Provided is a method for producing (alkyl)arene compounds represented by Formulae 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of alkyl halide compounds and arene compounds using organic phosphine compounds as a catalyst. ##STR00001##

Provided is a method for producing (alkyl)arene compounds represented by Formulae 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of alkyl halide compounds and arene compounds using organic phosphine compounds as a catalyst. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) for reducing nitrification and to compositions comprising the compounds of formula (I) and to agricultural mixtures comprising at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one fertilizer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a compound of formula (I) or a composition comprising a compound of formula (I).

The present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) for reducing nitrification and to compositions comprising the compounds of formula (I) and to agricultural mixtures comprising at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one fertilizer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a compound of formula (I) or a composition comprising a compound of formula (I).

The present disclosure relates to HIF-2α inhibitors and methods of making and using them for treating cancer. Certain compounds were potent in HIF-2α scintillation proximity assay, luciferase assay, and VEGF ELISA assay, and led to tumor size reduction and regression in 786-O xenograft bearing mice in vivo.

Provided herein is a compound which is particularly suitable for use as a cannabinoid, as an emulsifier for a cannabinoid, in a formulation comprising the compound and in a method of treatment using the compound. The compound is defined by the General Formula:

##STR00001##

wherein:
R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently selected from H or an alkyl of 1-10 carbons; alkenyl of up to 10 carbons; or groups on adjacent carbons may be taken together to form an alkene;
R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently H or —(CH.sub.2CHR.sup.16O).sub.x—R.sup.17 with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 represents —(CH.sub.2CHR.sup.16O).sub.xR.sup.17—; R.sup.11 and R.sup.10 may be taken together to represent —C(R.sup.19).sup.2—;
R.sup.13-R.sup.15 independently represent H or an alkyl of 1-8 carbons;
each R.sup.16 independently represents H or an alkyl of 1-3 carbons;
each R.sup.17 independently represents H, an alkyl or substituted alkyl of 1-22 carbons, aryl or substituted aryl or the ester of an acid;
each R.sup.19 independently represents H or an alkyl of 1-5 carbons; and
each x is independently an integer of 1-100.

Provided herein is a compound which is particularly suitable for use as a cannabinoid, as an emulsifier for a cannabinoid, in a formulation comprising the compound and in a method of treatment using the compound. The compound is defined by the General Formula:

##STR00001##

wherein:
R.sup.1-R.sup.10 are independently selected from H or an alkyl of 1-10 carbons; alkenyl of up to 10 carbons; or groups on adjacent carbons may be taken together to form an alkene;
R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently H or —(CH.sub.2CHR.sup.16O).sub.x—R.sup.17 with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 represents —(CH.sub.2CHR.sup.16O).sub.xR.sup.17—; R.sup.11 and R.sup.10 may be taken together to represent —C(R.sup.19).sup.2—;
R.sup.13-R.sup.15 independently represent H or an alkyl of 1-8 carbons;
each R.sup.16 independently represents H or an alkyl of 1-3 carbons;
each R.sup.17 independently represents H, an alkyl or substituted alkyl of 1-22 carbons, aryl or substituted aryl or the ester of an acid;
each R.sup.19 independently represents H or an alkyl of 1-5 carbons; and
each x is independently an integer of 1-100.