This disclosure generally relates to methods of making ibuprofen, naproxen, and derivatives thereof. This disclosure also generally relates to compounds made by the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of a key intermediate in the synthesis of indacaterol. Subject-matter of the invention are also new synthesis intermediates. Formula (I):

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Subject-matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of a key intermediate in the synthesis of indacaterol. Subject-matter of the invention are also new synthesis intermediates. Formula (I):

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The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I comprising a) reacting a compound of formula II in the presence of magnesium or an organometallic reagent of formula III R.sub.1M.sup.2X (III), wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkyl; M.sup.2 is Li or Mg and X is halogen or absent; with a compound of formula IV CF.sub.3-C(O)-R.sub.2 (IV), wherein R.sub.2 is halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkoxy, (di-C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, OC(O)CF.sub.3, phenoxy or OM.sup.1; wherein M.sup.1 is Lithium, Magnesium, Sodium or Potassium; to a compound of formula V, and b) reacting the compound of formula V with alkali metal fluoride in the presence of catalytic amounts of a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of a polar solvent to the compound of formula I.

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The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I comprising a) reacting a compound of formula II in the presence of magnesium or an organometallic reagent of formula III R.sub.1M.sup.2X (III), wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkyl; M.sup.2 is Li or Mg and X is halogen or absent; with a compound of formula IV CF.sub.3-C(O)-R.sub.2 (IV), wherein R.sub.2 is halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkoxy, (di-C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, OC(O)CF.sub.3, phenoxy or OM.sup.1; wherein M.sup.1 is Lithium, Magnesium, Sodium or Potassium; to a compound of formula V, and b) reacting the compound of formula V with alkali metal fluoride in the presence of catalytic amounts of a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of a polar solvent to the compound of formula I.

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The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I comprising a) reacting a compound of formula II in the presence of magnesium or an organometallic reagent of formula III R.sub.1M.sup.2X (III), wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkyl; M.sup.2 is Li or Mg and X is halogen or absent; with a compound of formula IV CF.sub.3-C(O)-R.sub.2 (IV), wherein R.sub.2 is halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkoxy, (di-C.sub.I-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, OC(O)CF.sub.3, phenoxy or OM.sup.1; wherein M.sup.1 is Lithium, Magnesium, Sodium or Potassium; to a compound of formula V, and b) reacting the compound of formula V with alkali metal fluoride in the presence of catalytic amounts of a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of a polar solvent to the compound of formula I.

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A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; which process comprises: a) reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; with a nitration agent to the compound of formula (III) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; b) reacting the compound of formula (III) with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid to the compound of formula (IV) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; and c) reacting the compound of formula (III) with chlorine gas at a temperature from 180° C. to 250° C. to the compound of formula (I).

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A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; which process comprises: a) reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; with a nitration agent to the compound of formula (III) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; b) reacting the compound of formula (III) with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid to the compound of formula (IV) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; and c) reacting the compound of formula (III) with chlorine gas at a temperature from 180° C. to 250° C. to the compound of formula (I).

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A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; which process comprises: a) reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; with a nitration agent to the compound of formula (III) wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; b) reacting the compound of formula (III) with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid to the compound of formula (IV) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; and c) reacting the compound of formula (III) with chlorine gas at a temperature from 180° C. to 250° C. to the compound of formula (I).

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A more environmentally friendly synthesis method of 4-bromo-2-(4′-ethoxyphenyl)-1-chlorobenzene with simplified steps provides a more effective synthetic strategy for producing key intermediates of SGLT-2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin, sotagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. In the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride, 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoic acid and phenetole are selected to complete a direct acylation reaction under the catalysis of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, and triethylsilane is added thereinto without treatment for one-pot reaction to obtain a target compound 4-bromo-2-(4′-ethoxyphenyl)-1-chlorobenzene.