Efficient methods of producing L-threonic acid from L-xylonic acid are disclosed.

Efficient methods of producing L-threonic acid from L-xylonic acid are disclosed.

A method for catalytic vapor phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde may include: passing a feed stream comprising methanol and oxygen through a layered catalyst bed having a first layer comprising a first silver catalyst particles and a second layer comprising a second silver catalyst particles that are different than the first silver catalyst particles, wherein the feed stream passes through the first layer before the second layer, wherein the first silver catalyst particles has a greater reaction activity for converting methanol and oxygen to formaldehyde; and reacting the methanol and the oxygen in the presence of the catalysts to produce a product stream comprising formaldehyde.

A method of reducing a C—O bond to the corresponding C—H bond in a substrate, which could be a benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, ester or an ether bond beta to a hydroxyl group or alpha to a carbonyl group using a recyclable metal catalyst system. The recyclable catalyst system is also applicable to reducing a C═O bond to the corresponding C—OH bond and then C—H bond. These methodologies can be linked in one-pot to selective oxidation and depolymerizations of aromatic polyols such as lignin.

A method of reducing a C—O bond to the corresponding C—H bond in a substrate, which could be a benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, ester or an ether bond beta to a hydroxyl group or alpha to a carbonyl group using a recyclable metal catalyst system. The recyclable catalyst system is also applicable to reducing a C═O bond to the corresponding C—OH bond and then C—H bond. These methodologies can be linked in one-pot to selective oxidation and depolymerizations of aromatic polyols such as lignin.

The present invention relates to a new method to produce 7,8-dihydro-C.sub.15-aldehyde.

The present invention relates to an improved method for producing specific α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.

The present invention relates to an improved method for producing specific α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.

The present invention relates to an improved method for producing specific α, β-unsaturated aldehydes.

The present invention relates to an improved method for producing specific α, β-unsaturated aldehydes.