This invention pertains to a dehydrogenation catalyst. More particularly, but not exclusively, this invention pertains to dehydrogenation catalysts comprising platinum, platinum silicide and/or platinum phosphide being supported on various metal-oxide supports, which may also be modified metal-oxide supports, for the dehydrogenation of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier.

The subject invention provides synthetic compounds, and compound complexes having catalytic activities towards oxidation or oxygenation, and/or dehydrogenation of various substrates comprising C—H bonds. The catalysts of the subject invention comprise a dinuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II) center that can convert between a resting state and a reactive species. The subject invention also provides methods of using such catalysts for the oxidation of substrates comprising C—H bonds, e.g., hydrocarbons, to synthesize chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals and industrial feedstock.

The subject invention provides synthetic compounds, and compound complexes having catalytic activities towards oxidation or oxygenation, and/or dehydrogenation of various substrates comprising C—H bonds. The catalysts of the subject invention comprise a dinuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II) center that can convert between a resting state and a reactive species. The subject invention also provides methods of using such catalysts for the oxidation of substrates comprising C—H bonds, e.g., hydrocarbons, to synthesize chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals and industrial feedstock.

The subject invention provides synthetic compounds, and compound complexes having catalytic activities towards oxidation or oxygenation, and/or dehydrogenation of various substrates comprising C—H bonds. The catalysts of the subject invention comprise a dinuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II) center that can convert between a resting state and a reactive species. The subject invention also provides methods of using such catalysts for the oxidation of substrates comprising C—H bonds, e.g., hydrocarbons, to synthesize chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals and industrial feedstock.

Disclosed is a method for converting cymene generated from renewable low value terpene streams into renewable benzene, toluene, xylenes, and cymene isomers (ortho and meta) under flow disproportionation reaction conditions, which compounds are basic building blocks for fragrance materials. This technology has potential to replace high volume petrochemical-based feedstocks with plant-based building blocks that can fill the renewability gap for key fragrance ingredients.

Disclosed is a method for converting cymene generated from renewable low value terpene streams into renewable benzene, toluene, xylenes, and cymene isomers (ortho and meta) under flow disproportionation reaction conditions, which compounds are basic building blocks for fragrance materials. This technology has potential to replace high volume petrochemical-based feedstocks with plant-based building blocks that can fill the renewability gap for key fragrance ingredients.

To provide a uniform-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst demonstrating excellent performance in terms of catalyst life, a uniform-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst includes: an alumina carrier; sulfur or a sulfur compound dispersed over an entire cross section of the alumina carrier; platinum dispersed and loaded over the entire cross section of the alumina carrier; one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and calcium. Preferably, the content of platinum is 0.05 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental platinum. The content of the sulfur or the sulfur compound preferably is 0.15 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental sulfur. The content of the alkali metal preferably is 0.1 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental alkali metal.

To provide a uniform-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst demonstrating excellent performance in terms of catalyst life, a uniform-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst includes: an alumina carrier; sulfur or a sulfur compound dispersed over an entire cross section of the alumina carrier; platinum dispersed and loaded over the entire cross section of the alumina carrier; one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and calcium. Preferably, the content of platinum is 0.05 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental platinum. The content of the sulfur or the sulfur compound preferably is 0.15 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental sulfur. The content of the alkali metal preferably is 0.1 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental alkali metal.

To provide a uniform-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst demonstrating excellent performance in terms of catalyst life, a uniform-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst includes: an alumina carrier; sulfur or a sulfur compound dispersed over an entire cross section of the alumina carrier; platinum dispersed and loaded over the entire cross section of the alumina carrier; one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and calcium. Preferably, the content of platinum is 0.05 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental platinum. The content of the sulfur or the sulfur compound preferably is 0.15 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental sulfur. The content of the alkali metal preferably is 0.1 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental alkali metal.

To provide an egg shell-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst demonstrating excellent performance in terms of catalyst life, an egg shell-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst includes: an alumina carrier; platinum dispersed and loaded on an outer shell of the alumina carrier; and one or more second components selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, and phosphorus. Preferably, the content of platinum is 0.05 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental platinum. The content of each second component preferably is 0.1 to 5.0 wt % calculated as each element. The alumina carrier has a surface area of 150 m.sup.2/g or more, a pore volume of 0.40 cm.sup.3/g or more, and an average pore diameter of 40 to 300 Å, with pores having a pore diameter in a range of ±30 Å from the average pore diameter occupying 60% or more of a total pore volume.