Catalytic conversion of ketoacids is disclosed, including methods for increasing the molecular weight of ketoacids. An exemplary method includes providing in a reactor a feedstock having at least one ketoacid. The feedstock is then subjected to one or more C—C-coupling reaction(s) in the presence of a catalyst system having a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide.

Catalytic conversion of ketoacids is disclosed, including methods for increasing the molecular weight of ketoacids. An exemplary method includes providing in a reactor a feedstock having at least one ketoacid. The feedstock is then subjected to one or more C—C-coupling reaction(s) in the presence of a catalyst system having a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide.

Methods for syntheses of organic acids from α-keto acids, including methods for syntheses of isotopically enriched organic acids from α-keto acids are disclosed. The isotopically enriched organic acids are useful, for example, in metabolic flux analyses.

Methods for syntheses of organic acids from α-keto acids, including methods for syntheses of isotopically enriched organic acids from α-keto acids are disclosed. The isotopically enriched organic acids are useful, for example, in metabolic flux analyses.

The disclosure relates to oral formulations for gastric delivery of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a phenyl pyrrole aminoguanidine compound.

The invention relates to a lock-release method to be applied to biomolecules, such as antibodies, to improve the purification, production, stability and storage of biomolecules. A biomolecule is covalently bound to a polymer support comprising a diketone group so that the biomolecule can be purified, produced and/or stored before being released from the support. The diketone group of the polymer support is a 1,3-ketoester, 1,3-ketothioester or 1,3-ketoamide is a group of Formula (1): R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, perhalogenated hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; Y is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; X is —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S, wherein the free valence of —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S is bonded to the support optionally via a linker; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group. The invention also relates to a polymer support comprising the diketone group. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to a lock-release method to be applied to biomolecules, such as antibodies, to improve the purification, production, stability and storage of biomolecules. A biomolecule is covalently bound to a polymer support comprising a diketone group so that the biomolecule can be purified, produced and/or stored before being released from the support. The diketone group of the polymer support is a 1,3-ketoester, 1,3-ketothioester or 1,3-ketoamide is a group of Formula (1): R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, perhalogenated hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; Y is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group; X is —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S, wherein the free valence of —O, —NR.sup.2 or —S is bonded to the support optionally via a linker; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or a heterocyclyl group. The invention also relates to a polymer support comprising the diketone group. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a method for extracting alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate simultaneously from microbial fermentation broth or enzyme transformation solution, which is related to the technical field of biological separation and extraction. The method comprises the following steps: centrifuging the microbial fermentation broth or enzymatic conversion solution containing α-KG and PA to remove the cells and other visible solids; removing the macromolecular impurities by ultrafiltration; evaporating and concentrating under reduced pressure conditions; extracting with the water-insoluble extraction after acidification; separating crude crystals of α-KG and crude liquid of PA by evaporation crystallization method (if concentration of PA is great higher than that of α-KG, crystallization separation should be conducted after distilling partial pure pyruvate); washing the crude crystal of α-KG with water-insoluble organic solvent as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, drying and crushing to obtain qualified α-KG; distilling to gain qualified PA product applying high vacuum distillation (or molecular distillation).

The present disclosure provides a method for extracting alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate simultaneously from microbial fermentation broth or enzyme transformation solution, which is related to the technical field of biological separation and extraction. The method comprises the following steps: centrifuging the microbial fermentation broth or enzymatic conversion solution containing α-KG and PA to remove the cells and other visible solids; removing the macromolecular impurities by ultrafiltration; evaporating and concentrating under reduced pressure conditions; extracting with the water-insoluble extraction after acidification; separating crude crystals of α-KG and crude liquid of PA by evaporation crystallization method (if concentration of PA is great higher than that of α-KG, crystallization separation should be conducted after distilling partial pure pyruvate); washing the crude crystal of α-KG with water-insoluble organic solvent as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, drying and crushing to obtain qualified α-KG; distilling to gain qualified PA product applying high vacuum distillation (or molecular distillation).

Methods and processes for preparing calcium salts of alpha-ketoglutarate are described herein.