In a process for producing a tetrabromophthalic diester composition, a liquid reaction mixture is prepared comprising tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA), a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 polyhydric aliphatic alcohol (PAA) and an alkylene oxide (AO) selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, said reaction mixture being substantially free of an organic solvent. While agitating the reaction mixture, the temperature of the reaction mixture is raised to at least 50° C. to allow the TBPA to react with the PAA and AO to produce a diester composition. The reaction is terminated when the diester composition has an acid value equal to or less than 0.25 mg KOH/gm of the diester composition.

Provided are methods and materials for the functionalization of a heteroalkane or arene using an oxidizing electrophile as a stoichiometric agent or catalyst. The reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom on an sp3-hybridized carbon atom of the heteroalkane or of a hydrogen atom on an sp2-hybridized carbon atom of the arene. A main group element organometallic intermediate is formed that undergoes further conversion to a functionalized heteroalkane or arene.

Provided are methods and materials for the functionalization of a heteroalkane or arene using an oxidizing electrophile as a stoichiometric agent or catalyst. The reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom on an sp3-hybridized carbon atom of the heteroalkane or of a hydrogen atom on an sp2-hybridized carbon atom of the arene. A main group element organometallic intermediate is formed that undergoes further conversion to a functionalized heteroalkane or arene.

The present invention describes novel Cashew Nut Shell Liquid derived cycloaliphatic functional compounds and methods for making the same. The invention also provide methods to use these derivatives in antimicrobials, antioxidants, adhesives, coatings, corrosion retardants composites, cosmetics, detergents, soaps, de-icing products, elastomers, food, flavors, inks, lubricants, oil field chemicals, tackifiers, prepolymer chain-extenders, rheology modifiers, electrical and electronic components (potting, castings, encapsulants), personal care products, polymers, structural polymers, engineered plastics, 3D printable polymers, 3D printable polymers, UV/E-beam/cationic curable polymers, techno-polymers, rubbers, sealants, solvents, surfactants and varnishes, transformer oil, lubricants.

The present invention describes novel Cashew Nut Shell Liquid derived cycloaliphatic functional compounds and methods for making the same. The invention also provide methods to use these derivatives in antimicrobials, antioxidants, adhesives, coatings, corrosion retardants composites, cosmetics, detergents, soaps, de-icing products, elastomers, food, flavors, inks, lubricants, oil field chemicals, tackifiers, prepolymer chain-extenders, rheology modifiers, electrical and electronic components (potting, castings, encapsulants), personal care products, polymers, structural polymers, engineered plastics, 3D printable polymers, 3D printable polymers, UV/E-beam/cationic curable polymers, techno-polymers, rubbers, sealants, solvents, surfactants and varnishes, transformer oil, lubricants.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for functionalizing hydrocarbons. In a further aspect, the method involves heating a hydrocarbon with a composition having an acid and an oxidant. In other aspects, the composition can further include an iodine-based compound and/or a compound having formula A.sub.aX.sub.n. In any of these aspects, the oxidant can be regenerated in situ or in a separate regeneration step. Also disclosed are functionalized hydrocarbons produced by the disclosed method. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for functionalizing hydrocarbons. In a further aspect, the method involves heating a hydrocarbon with a composition having an acid and an oxidant. In other aspects, the composition can further include an iodine-based compound and/or a compound having formula A.sub.aX.sub.n. In any of these aspects, the oxidant can be regenerated in situ or in a separate regeneration step. Also disclosed are functionalized hydrocarbons produced by the disclosed method. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for functionalizing hydrocarbons. In a further aspect, the method involves heating a hydrocarbon with a composition having an acid and an oxidant. In other aspects, the composition can further include an iodine-based compound and/or a compound having formula A.sub.aX.sub.n. In any of these aspects, the oxidant can be regenerated in situ or in a separate regeneration step. Also disclosed are functionalized hydrocarbons produced by the disclosed method. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Ru-catalysed domino hydroformylation/hydrogenation/esterification using imidazole ligands.

Ru-catalysed domino hydroformylation/hydrogenation/esterification using imidazole ligands.