An esterification process that uses an acetic acid composition from a wood acetylation process as a reactant. Even though the acetic acid composition contains impurities, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetaldehyde, acetone, terpenes and/or terpenes derivatives, the impurities do not adversely affect the quality of the ether-ester products. This process can be economically advantageous by using cheaper acetic acid—one sourced directly from a wood acetylation process.

An esterification process that uses an acetic acid composition from a wood acetylation process as a reactant. Even though the acetic acid composition contains impurities, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetaldehyde, acetone, terpenes and/or terpenes derivatives, the impurities do not adversely affect the quality of the ether-ester products. This process can be economically advantageous by using cheaper acetic acid—one sourced directly from a wood acetylation process.

The present invention provides a vinylether compound of the following general formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the wavy line represents the E-form, the Z-form, or a mixture thereof. The present invention further provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde of the following formula of the following formula (2), the process comprising subjecting the vinylether compound (1) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde (2).

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The present invention provides a vinylether compound of the following general formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and the wavy line represents the E-form, the Z-form, or a mixture thereof. The present invention further provides a process for preparing 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde of the following formula of the following formula (2), the process comprising subjecting the vinylether compound (1) to a hydrolysis reaction to form 2,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde (2).

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A lens includes an optical portion; and a rib portion extending to an external side of the optical portion in a radial direction and including a light transmitting region and a light-shielding region, wherein the light-shielding region includes an ester-based compound and a hydrocarbon-based compound, and wherein the hydrocarbon-based compound includes a saturated hydrocarbon compound.

A lens includes an optical portion; and a rib portion extending to an external side of the optical portion in a radial direction and including a light transmitting region and a light-shielding region, wherein the light-shielding region includes an ester-based compound and a hydrocarbon-based compound, and wherein the hydrocarbon-based compound includes a saturated hydrocarbon compound.

The present disclosure is directed to microporous crystalline aluminosilicate structures with GME topologies having pores containing organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) comprising at least one piperidinium cation, the compositions useful for making these structures, and methods of using these structures. In some embodiments, the crystalline zeolite structures have a molar ratio of Si:Al that is greater than 3.5.

The present disclosure is directed to microporous crystalline aluminosilicate structures with GME topologies having pores containing organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) comprising at least one piperidinium cation, the compositions useful for making these structures, and methods of using these structures. In some embodiments, the crystalline zeolite structures have a molar ratio of Si:Al that is greater than 3.5.

Disclosed are a catalyst for carbonylation of dimethyl ether that has high catalyst activity and can be regenerated using a fluidized bed reactor, and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst for carbonylation of dimethyl ether includes a support having a first density; and ferrierite zeolite catalyst particles bound to a surface of the support via a polymer binder and having a second density smaller than the first density.

Disclosed are a catalyst for carbonylation of dimethyl ether that has high catalyst activity and can be regenerated using a fluidized bed reactor, and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst for carbonylation of dimethyl ether includes a support having a first density; and ferrierite zeolite catalyst particles bound to a surface of the support via a polymer binder and having a second density smaller than the first density.