The invention provides compounds for use in inhibiting a microbial alternative oxidase (AOX) and/or cytochrome bc.sub.1 complex. The invention extends to the use of such inhibitors in agrochemicals and in pharmaceuticals, for treating microbial infections, including fungal infections.

The invention provides compounds for use in inhibiting a microbial alternative oxidase (AOX) and/or cytochrome bc.sub.1 complex. The invention extends to the use of such inhibitors in agrochemicals and in pharmaceuticals, for treating microbial infections, including fungal infections.

A light-absorbing material includes a compound represented by the formula (1) below. In the formula (1), L.sup.1 to L.sup.3 are each independently represented by the formula (2) or (3) below:

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Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Such conditions may be caused by disease, be symptoms or sequelae of disease. Chronic and acute conditions may be due to viral infections such as HIV and AIDS, neoplastic diseases stroke, kidney disease, urinary incontinence, autoimmune disorders, Parkinson's disease, prostate hypertrophy, aging, or the treatment of such diseases. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools against acute and chronic conditions in mammalian subjects.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Such conditions may be caused by disease, be symptoms or sequelae of disease. Chronic and acute conditions may be due to viral infections such as HIV and AIDS, neoplastic diseases stroke, kidney disease, urinary incontinence, autoimmune disorders, Parkinson's disease, prostate hypertrophy, aging, or the treatment of such diseases. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools against acute and chronic conditions in mammalian subjects.

Provided are a novel compound exhibiting the effect of treating, preventing or ameliorating lymphedema, and a composition including the same as an active ingredient, and may be applied as a medicament product, functional food or food supplement, or cosmetics. The compound used as an active ingredient compound according to the disclosure exhibits a remarkable ameliorating effect on lymphedema in various aspects such as TNFα production inhibitory activity, metabolic stability, solubility, and blood exposure.

When a healthy and balanced diet is not achieved, nutritional supplements are used to help deal with the resulting health issues and enhance the body's performance. Two compounds of interest in this research, ketone bodies and β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) have been used for dealing with the side effects of various health conditions including muscle mass loss and insufficient food intake. Although these molecules have been used extensively as supplements, no supplement was found which combined the properties of both ketone bodies and HMB. This project was conceived to create a novel category of molecules that combine the properties of both ketone bodies and HMB that can be used as supplements for treating a wide range of health-related issues. Acetoacetate and isopentyldiol were used as the sources of ketone bodies and HMB, respectively. Six novel compounds were synthesized using transesterification of acetoacetate and isopentyldiol. Some of the developed reaction procedures were versatile as they could be performed under a variety of parameters such as solventless, catalyst-free, and mild conditions. Immobilized enzymes and chemicals were used to generate new compounds under greener parameters. The compounds that were isolated were characterized using GCMS, H NMR, and FTIR instrumentation. In summary, the goal of this research project was to design and synthesize novel ketone body analogs.

When a healthy and balanced diet is not achieved, nutritional supplements are used to help deal with the resulting health issues and enhance the body's performance. Two compounds of interest in this research, ketone bodies and β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) have been used for dealing with the side effects of various health conditions including muscle mass loss and insufficient food intake. Although these molecules have been used extensively as supplements, no supplement was found which combined the properties of both ketone bodies and HMB. This project was conceived to create a novel category of molecules that combine the properties of both ketone bodies and HMB that can be used as supplements for treating a wide range of health-related issues. Acetoacetate and isopentyldiol were used as the sources of ketone bodies and HMB, respectively. Six novel compounds were synthesized using transesterification of acetoacetate and isopentyldiol. Some of the developed reaction procedures were versatile as they could be performed under a variety of parameters such as solventless, catalyst-free, and mild conditions. Immobilized enzymes and chemicals were used to generate new compounds under greener parameters. The compounds that were isolated were characterized using GCMS, H NMR, and FTIR instrumentation. In summary, the goal of this research project was to design and synthesize novel ketone body analogs.

Disclosed are 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or enantiomers, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases, comprising the same as an active ingredient. The 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives have excellent inhibitory activity against picornaviruses including coxsackie-, entero-, echo-, Polio-, and rhinoviruses, as well as exhibiting low cytotoxicity, so that they can be useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases including poliomyelitis, paralysis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, viral meningitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular disease, hepatitis A, myositis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, diabetes, epidemic myalgia, encephalitis, cold, herpangina, foot-and-mouth disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, sinusitis or otitis media.

Disclosed are 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or enantiomers, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases, comprising the same as an active ingredient. The 1,3-Dioxoindene derivatives have excellent inhibitory activity against picornaviruses including coxsackie-, entero-, echo-, Polio-, and rhinoviruses, as well as exhibiting low cytotoxicity, so that they can be useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of viral diseases including poliomyelitis, paralysis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, viral meningitis, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular disease, hepatitis A, myositis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, diabetes, epidemic myalgia, encephalitis, cold, herpangina, foot-and-mouth disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, sinusitis or otitis media.