Described are methods for preparing a deuterated aldehyde using with a photocatalyst and a hydrogen atom transfer agent in a H.sub.2O free solvent comprising D.sub.2O and an organic solvent under an inert gas. The methods may be used to convert a wide variety of aldehydes (e.g., aryl, alkyl, or alkenyl aldehydes) to C-1 deuterated aldehydes under mild reaction conditions.

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having a PDGF receptor kinase inhibitory activity.

Examples of the present invention may include, for example, a compound represented by the following formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

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The compound of the present invention has an inhibitory activity against the PDGF receptor kinase. In addition, since the compound of the present invention has an inhibitory activity against the PDGF receptor kinase, it is useful as a therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases, cancers, smooth muscle proliferative diseases, vasoproliferative diseases, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, vasoocclusive diseases, and the like.

The present application relates to compounds of formula (I′) or formula (I), such as formula (Ia), and their pharmaceutical compositions/preparations. This application further relates to methods of treating or preventing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD) and other CAG-triplet repeat (or polyglutamine) diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease), diffuse Lewy body disease, chorea-acanthocytosis, primary lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), frontotemporal dementia, Friedreich's ataxia, acute head injury, and epilepsy (repression of microglia activation).

The present application relates to compounds of formula (I′) or formula (I), such as formula (Ia), and their pharmaceutical compositions/preparations. This application further relates to methods of treating or preventing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD) and other CAG-triplet repeat (or polyglutamine) diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease), diffuse Lewy body disease, chorea-acanthocytosis, primary lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), frontotemporal dementia, Friedreich's ataxia, acute head injury, and epilepsy (repression of microglia activation).

The present disclosure relates to a method of synthesizing a compound represented by formula I.

The present disclosure provides compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

The present disclosure provides compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

Provided are certain histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors of Formula I, compositions thereof, and methods of their use. ##STR00001##

Provided are certain histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors of Formula I, compositions thereof, and methods of their use. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to methods for controlling or preventing infestation of cereal plants by the phytopathogenic microorganism Fusarium pseudograminearum, comprising applying to a crop of plants, the locus thereof, or seed thereof, a compound according to formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, Y, A, B are as defined herein.

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