This disclosure relates to new phthalimide and isoindolinone derivatives and other PFKFB3 inhibitors for use in the treatment of diseases. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such PFKFB3 inhibitors, methods of preparation thereof, methods for their use as therapeutic agents, and methods of preparation of a medicament for use in therapy, as well as kits and other inventions comprising such PFKFB3 inhibitors. These PFKFB3 inhibitors are useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, multiple sclerosis, metabolic diseases, inhibition of angiogenesis and other diseases and conditions, where the modulation of PFKFB3 and/or PFKFB4 has beneficial effect as well as neuroprotection.

An object is to provide a nonaqueous solvent, a secondary battery, or a vehicle having a wide usable temperature range and high heat resistance. The nonaqueous solvent of the present invention contains an ionic liquid at greater than or equal to 50 vol % and less than or equal to 95 vol % and a fluorinated cyclic carbonate, and the ionic liquid contains an imidazolium cation. The nonaqueous solvent of the present invention has low viscosity at low temperatures and high heat resistance, thereby having a wide usable temperature range.

Provided are: an ionic liquid including the fluorine-containing phosphate ester anions represented by formula (1); and a lubricating oil composition including said ionic liquid. ##STR00001## (In the formula, Rf represents a C1-14 perfluoroalkyl group. R.sup.1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group.)

Heterocycles having odoriferous ketone or odoriferous aldehyde groups may be suitable in compositions comprising washing agents, cleaning agents, cosmetic agents, air care agents, insect repellents, or combinations thereof where the heterocycles release the ketones and aldehydes during hydrolysis. The heterocycle(s) may have the formula: ##STR00001##

Heterocycles having odoriferous ketone or odoriferous aldehyde groups may be suitable in compositions comprising washing agents, cleaning agents, cosmetic agents, air care agents, insect repellents, or combinations thereof where the heterocycles release the ketones and aldehydes during hydrolysis. The heterocycle(s) may have the formula: ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a method for preparing dexmedetomidine having the following formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof, comprising the following successive steps: a) asymmetric hydrogenation of a methylene derivative of the following formula (II): in order to obtain dexmedetomidine, and b) optionally salifying and/or solvating dexmedetomidine in order to obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate of dexmedetomidine, wherein the methylene derivative of formula (II) is prepared from a halide of the following formula (V), in which Hal.sub.2 represents a halogen atom such as Br, and a cyanoimidazole of the following formula (VI). The present invention relates also to methods for preparing synthesis intermediates of dexmedetomidine from the halide of formula (V) and the cyanoimidazole of formula (VI), these synthesis intermediates being the methylene derivative of formula (II), an alcohol of the following formula (III), and a ketone of the following formula (IV).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a method for preparing dexmedetomidine having the following formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate thereof, comprising the following successive steps: a) asymmetric hydrogenation of a methylene derivative of the following formula (II): in order to obtain dexmedetomidine, and b) optionally salifying and/or solvating dexmedetomidine in order to obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or solvate of dexmedetomidine, wherein the methylene derivative of formula (II) is prepared from a halide of the following formula (V), in which Hal.sub.2 represents a halogen atom such as Br, and a cyanoimidazole of the following formula (VI). The present invention relates also to methods for preparing synthesis intermediates of dexmedetomidine from the halide of formula (V) and the cyanoimidazole of formula (VI), these synthesis intermediates being the methylene derivative of formula (II), an alcohol of the following formula (III), and a ketone of the following formula (IV).

##STR00001##

Disclosed in the invention are a type of compounds having aldolase selective inhibitory activity, a method for the preparation thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and use of these compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis, for reducing fatty acid synthesis, for preventing and/or treating obesity and type II diabetes, for preventing and/or treating tumor, for preventing and/or treating Parkinson's disease, for preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease or for prolonging the lifespan of mammals: ##STR00001##

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF.sub.4) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.

A printed energy storage device includes a first electrode including zinc, a second electrode including manganese dioxide, and a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode, second, electrode, and separator printed onto a substrate. The device may include a first current collector and/or a second current collector printed onto the substrate. The energy storage device may include a printed intermediate layer between the separator and the first electrode. The first electrode, and the second electrode may include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode and the second electrode may include an electrolyte having zinc tetrafluoroborate (ZnBF.sub.4) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C.sub.2mimBF.sub.4). The first electrode, the second electrode, the first current collector, and/or the second current collector can include carbon nanotubes. The separator may include solid microspheres.