Compounds of formulae (I) and (II), compositions, and methods for use in inhibiting the E3 enzyme Cbl-b in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway are disclosed. The compounds, compositions, and methods can be used to modulate the immune system, to treat diseases amenable to immune system modulation, and for treatment of cells in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo.

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Compounds of formulae (I) and (II), compositions, and methods for use in inhibiting the E3 enzyme Cbl-b in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway are disclosed. The compounds, compositions, and methods can be used to modulate the immune system, to treat diseases amenable to immune system modulation, and for treatment of cells in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo.

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The present invention provides an SSAO inhibitor and an application thereof in preparing a drug for treating a disease related to SSAO. In particular, the present invention provides a compound shown in formula (IV) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. ##STR00001##

Cyanines which selectively bind to G-quadruplex DNA complexes, particularly quadruplexes expressed in cancer cells, and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The cyanine can be a symmetrical or unsymmetrical streptocyanine, hemicyanine, closed chain cyanine, or combinations thereof. The cyanine is preferably substituted with one or more groups that minimize or prevent aggregation of the cyanine and/or inhibit binding of the cyanine to duplex DNA. One or more of the cyanines can be formulated with one or more pharmaceutical excipients and/or carrier to prepare pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to a patient, particular a human patient. The compounds and compositions described herein can be used to treat diseases or disorders characterized by the expression of G-quadruplex DNA, such as cancer.

Cyanines which selectively bind to G-quadruplex DNA complexes, particularly quadruplexes expressed in cancer cells, and methods of making and using thereof are described herein. The cyanine can be a symmetrical or unsymmetrical streptocyanine, hemicyanine, closed chain cyanine, or combinations thereof. The cyanine is preferably substituted with one or more groups that minimize or prevent aggregation of the cyanine and/or inhibit binding of the cyanine to duplex DNA. One or more of the cyanines can be formulated with one or more pharmaceutical excipients and/or carrier to prepare pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to a patient, particular a human patient. The compounds and compositions described herein can be used to treat diseases or disorders characterized by the expression of G-quadruplex DNA, such as cancer.

Described herein are compounds, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with a defect in glyoxylate metabolism, for example a disease or disorder associated with the enzyme glycolate oxidase (GO) or alterations in oxalate metabolism. Such diseases or disorders include, for example, disorders of glyoxylate metabolism, including primary hyperoxaluria, that are associated with production of excessive amounts of oxalate.

The present invention provides a novel sulfonamide compound having a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitory activity or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient. A compound represented by Formula (I) [wherein, X.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom or the like; X.sup.2 represents an oxygen atom; X.sup.3 represents —NH—; X.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.1 represents —C(R.sup.11)(R.sup.12)— or the like; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted C.sup.6-C.sup.14 aromatic hydrocarbon group or the like; R.sup.3 represents an optionally substituted C.sup.6-C.sup.14 aromatic hydrocarbon group or the like; R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or the like] or a salt thereof.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, ##STR00001##
wherein A, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, W and Y are as defined in the disclosure.
Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, ##STR00001##
wherein A, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, W and Y are as defined in the disclosure.
Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Substituted aromatic sulfonamides of formula (I)

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pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease.