Pro-benefit-agent compounds having heterocyclic moieties that include a benefit agent fragment derived from benefit agents, such as perfume raw materials, that include an aldehyde moiety or a ketone moiety. The pro-benefit-agent compounds may be derived from modified amino acids. Related treatment compositions, premix compositions, precursor compounds, and methods of making and using such materials and compositions.

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.

The invention provides amides that inhibit cellular necrosis and/or human receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1), including corresponding sulfonamides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

The invention provides amides that inhibit cellular necrosis and/or human receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1), including corresponding sulfonamides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

The present inventors found cyclic peptide compounds that interact with Ras, and non-natural amino acids useful for the production of the cyclic peptide compounds. The inventors also found that the cyclic peptide compounds inhibit the binding between Ras and SOS. In addition, the inventors found specific non-natural amino acids contained in the cyclic peptide compounds and methods for production thereof.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPR X4 generally, or for treating a MRGPR X4 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPR X4 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having the structure of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein n, x, A, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Z, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as to compounds themselves, are also provided.

The invention provides amides that inhibit cellular necrosis and/or human receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1), including corresponding sulfonamides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrides and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.

Compounds that are not related to NAD, and which target PARP1-histone H4 interaction are provided, as well as compositions of these compounds, and methods for specific inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) using these compounds are provided. These PARP-1 inhibitors may be used to treat cancer in which PARP-1 activation or biologic activity plays a role, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, and glioblastoma, among others.