A group of polyfunctional oxetane-based compounds having a structure as represented by general formula (I) or a product obtained by a reaction between a compound of general formula (I) and epichlorohydrin, an ester compound, or an isocyanate compound. When these polyfunctional oxetane-based compounds are used as cation polymerizable monomers in combination with an epoxy compound, the curing speed is high, and the cured product has highly excellent hardness, flexibility, adherence, and heat resistance.

A group of polyfunctional oxetane-based compounds having a structure as represented by general formula (I) or a product obtained by a reaction between a compound of general formula (I) and epichlorohydrin, an ester compound, or an isocyanate compound. When these polyfunctional oxetane-based compounds are used as cation polymerizable monomers in combination with an epoxy compound, the curing speed is high, and the cured product has highly excellent hardness, flexibility, adherence, and heat resistance.

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating diseases or disorders in a subject where the subject is in need of an inhibitor of MEK where the compound is according to formula where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3, R.sup.3a, and X are as described herein. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions in treating diseases or disorders in a subject where the subject is in need of an inhibitor of MEK where the compound is according to formula where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.2a, R.sup.3, R.sup.3a, and X are as described herein. ##STR00001##

The disclosure features novel lipids and compositions involving the same. Lipid nanoparticles (e.g., empty LNPs or loaded LNPs) include a novel lipid as well as additional lipids such as phospholipids, structural lipids, and PEG lipids. Lipid nanoparticles (e.g., empty LNPs or loaded LNPs) further including therapeutic and/or prophylactics such as RNA are useful in the delivery of therapeutic and/or prophylactics to mammalian cells or organs to, for example, regulate polypeptide, protein, or gene expression.

The present disclosure provides, for example, a compound represented by general formula (6) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or salt:

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wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are each independently —CR.sub.2═ or —N═, R.sub.2 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.1 is, for example, —S(═O).sub.2—NH—R.sub.8, R.sub.8 is, for example, a C1-6 alkyl group, R.sub.3 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.6 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.4 is, for example, a cyclopropyl group. The compounds, salts or solvates provided by the present disclosure exhibit high RAF/MEK complex-stabilizing activity and can be used for the treatment or prevention of cell proliferative disorders, particularly cancers.

The present disclosure provides, for example, a compound represented by general formula (6) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or salt:

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wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are each independently —CR.sub.2═ or —N═, R.sub.2 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.1 is, for example, —S(═O).sub.2—NH—R.sub.8, R.sub.8 is, for example, a C1-6 alkyl group, R.sub.3 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, R.sub.5 is, for example, a halogen atom, R.sub.6 is, for example, a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.4 is, for example, a cyclopropyl group. The compounds, salts or solvates provided by the present disclosure exhibit high RAF/MEK complex-stabilizing activity and can be used for the treatment or prevention of cell proliferative disorders, particularly cancers.

A process and intermediate for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), or salt thereof.

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A process and intermediate for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), or salt thereof.

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The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula (1): (1) and salts thereof, wherein A, X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of disorders associated with EP.sub.4 receptors.

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