Described are methods for preparing a deuterated aldehyde using with a photocatalyst and a hydrogen atom transfer agent in a H.sub.2O free solvent comprising D.sub.2O and an organic solvent under an inert gas. The methods may be used to convert a wide variety of aldehydes (e.g., aryl, alkyl, or alkenyl aldehydes) to C-1 deuterated aldehydes under mild reaction conditions.

The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula (1): (1) and salts thereof, wherein A, X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of disorders associated with EP.sub.4 receptors.

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The present disclosure provides γ-diketones or analogs thereof, that activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and thus treat or prevent diseases related to signal transduction, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthropathy; osteogenesis imperfecta, bone defects, bone fractures, periodontal disease, otosclerosis, wound healing, craniofacial defects, oncolytic bone disease, traumatic brain injuries or spine injuries, brain atrophy/neurological disorders related to the differentiation and development of the central nervous system, including Parkinson's disease, strokes, ischemic cerebral disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia; otic disorders like cochlear hair cell loss; eye diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or retinitis pigmentosa and diseases related to differentiation and growth of stem cell, such as hair loss, hematopoiesis related diseases and tissue regeneration related diseases.

The present disclosure provides γ-diketones or analogs thereof, that activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and thus treat or prevent diseases related to signal transduction, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthropathy; osteogenesis imperfecta, bone defects, bone fractures, periodontal disease, otosclerosis, wound healing, craniofacial defects, oncolytic bone disease, traumatic brain injuries or spine injuries, brain atrophy/neurological disorders related to the differentiation and development of the central nervous system, including Parkinson's disease, strokes, ischemic cerebral disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia; otic disorders like cochlear hair cell loss; eye diseases such as age related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema or retinitis pigmentosa and diseases related to differentiation and growth of stem cell, such as hair loss, hematopoiesis related diseases and tissue regeneration related diseases.

The invention relates to vicinal diol ether derivatives of certain polyether polymers, compositions comprising the same, and methods of making the same via reaction with substituted or unsubstituted epoxides, and methods of using the same.

The present disclosure relates to heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. Also described herein are compositions and the use of such compounds in methods of treating diseases and conditions mediated by deficient CFTR activity, in particular cystic fibrosis.

The present disclosure relates to heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. Also described herein are compositions and the use of such compounds in methods of treating diseases and conditions mediated by deficient CFTR activity, in particular cystic fibrosis.

Described herein are isotopically enriched analogs of methylone (e.g., deuterated analogs of methylone (e.g., (S)-methylone and (R)-methylone) with improved characteristics. Also described herein are salts (such as hydrochloride salt) and solid forms (e.g., crystalline forms) of methylone. Also described herein are stereoisomers (e.g., enantiomers) of methylone. The present disclosure also provides methods of making and methods of use of the methylone or methylone analogs and solid forms of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylcathinone hydrochloride described herein to treat brain and neurological disorders such as depression.

The present invention relates to the synthesis of alkoxy substituted benzaldehydes obtained from the corresponding alkoxy substituted benzenes. Alkoxy substituted benzaldehydes are products of broad commercial interest and are used as end products and intermediates in flavor and fragrance applications and pharmaceutical ingredients. For example, 3,4-methylendioxy-benzaldehyde (also known as heliotropin or piperonal) is used widely both as a end product and intermediate for the above mentioned applications. Other examples include 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-ethylenedioxybenzene which are intermediates in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical intermediates.

The present invention relates to the synthesis of alkoxy substituted benzaldehydes obtained from the corresponding alkoxy substituted benzenes. Alkoxy substituted benzaldehydes are products of broad commercial interest and are used as end products and intermediates in flavor and fragrance applications and pharmaceutical ingredients. For example, 3,4-methylendioxy-benzaldehyde (also known as heliotropin or piperonal) is used widely both as a end product and intermediate for the above mentioned applications. Other examples include 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-ethylenedioxybenzene which are intermediates in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical intermediates.