Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising functional thiophene compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from a thiophene compound.

Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising functional thiophene compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte, and at least one electrolyte additive selected from a thiophene compound.

Disclosed are a series of photoisomeric compounds, preparation method therefor and device comprising the compounds, wherein a photoisomeric compound-graphene molecular junction device is formed by linking the photoisomeric compound to a gap of two-dimensional monolayer graphene having a nano-gap array via an amide covalent bond. When a single photoisomeric compound is bridged to the gap of the two-dimensional monolayer graphene having a nano-gap array, the devices have a reversible light-controlled switching function and a reversible electrically-controlled switching function. A molecular switch device prepared by the method can achieve a high reversibility and a good reproducibility. The number of light-controlled switching cycles can exceed 10.sup.4, and the number of electrically-controlled switching cycles can reach about 10.sup.5 or greater. Moreover, the above-mentioned reversible molecular switch device remains stable within a period of more than one year. In addition, flexible non-losable organic memory transistor devices and light-responsive organic transistor devices can be constructed using the above-mentioned series of photoisomeric compounds.

Provided are a novel impurity compound of rotigotine behenate, rotigotine behenate or a preparation thereof containing less than 0.5 wt % of the impurity compound and use of the impurity compound as a reference substance in the impurity detection of the rotigotine behenate or the preparation thereof.

Provided are a novel impurity compound of rotigotine behenate, rotigotine behenate or a preparation thereof containing less than 0.5 wt % of the impurity compound and use of the impurity compound as a reference substance in the impurity detection of the rotigotine behenate or the preparation thereof.

Disclosed is a novel compound to function as a calcium-dependent chloride channel blocking agent.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of carbon nanotube structures.

A dry powder containing dry particles that contain a tiotropium salt, one or more amino acids, and acid content, and optionally, sodium chloride, and/or one or more additional therapeutic agents, wherein the molar ratio of acid to amino acid is from about 0.0005 to about 5, or 0.002 to about 1. In one aspect, the dry powder containing dry particles is suitable for administration to the respiratory tract. In one aspect, the dry powder containing dry particles is a respirable dry powder contains respirable dry particles that contain a tiotropium salt, one or more amino acids, acid content, sodium chloride, and optionally one or ore additional therapeutic agents, wherein the tiotropium salt is about 0.01% to about 0.5%, the leucine is about 5% to about 40%, the sodium chloride is about 50% to about 90%, the optional one or more additional therapeutic agents are up to about 30%, and the molar ratio of acid to amino acid is from about 0.002 to about 1, where all percentages are weight percentages on a dry basis and all the components of the respirable dry particles amount to 100%.

A dry powder containing dry particles that contain a tiotropium salt, one or more amino acids, and acid content, and optionally, sodium chloride, and/or one or more additional therapeutic agents, wherein the molar ratio of acid to amino acid is from about 0.0005 to about 5, or 0.002 to about 1. In one aspect, the dry powder containing dry particles is suitable for administration to the respiratory tract. In one aspect, the dry powder containing dry particles is a respirable dry powder contains respirable dry particles that contain a tiotropium salt, one or more amino acids, acid content, sodium chloride, and optionally one or ore additional therapeutic agents, wherein the tiotropium salt is about 0.01% to about 0.5%, the leucine is about 5% to about 40%, the sodium chloride is about 50% to about 90%, the optional one or more additional therapeutic agents are up to about 30%, and the molar ratio of acid to amino acid is from about 0.002 to about 1, where all percentages are weight percentages on a dry basis and all the components of the respirable dry particles amount to 100%.

Disclosed are a method for producing a highly reactive intermediate, which comprises: preparing an electron-accepting active compound (1), preparing a piezoelectric material (3), and applying mechanical strain to the piezoelectric material (3) in the presence of the electron-accepting active compound (1) and the piezoelectric material (3), and subjecting the compound (1) to one-electron reduction to generate a corresponding highly reactive intermediate; a redox reaction method using the method for producing the same; and a method for producing a redox reaction product.