The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.

The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.

Describes herein are methods of using ruthenium complexes in base-free hydrogenation processes for the reduction of imines into the corresponding amines.

The present disclosure relates to substituted thiophene carboxamides and analogues thereof of formula (I) that may be used for protecting plants from bacterial diseases, in particular from bacterial diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Xanthomonas. ##STR00001##

A novel tetrahydronaphthalene compound is provided, or a stereoisomer, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition including the compound, and a use of the compound or the composition for preparing a medicament in prevention and/or treatment of a central nervous system disease, wherein the compound has a structure of formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein each of X, Y, Z, W and R is defined as described in the present disclosure.

A novel tetrahydronaphthalene compound is provided, or a stereoisomer, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition including the compound, and a use of the compound or the composition for preparing a medicament in prevention and/or treatment of a central nervous system disease, wherein the compound has a structure of formula (I),

##STR00001##

wherein each of X, Y, Z, W and R is defined as described in the present disclosure.

Provided are: a composition for forming a hole transporting layer for perovskite solar cells, which is inexpensive and does not need to be used together with a dopant; and a compound which can be contained in a composition for forming a hole transporting layer. A compound represented by general formula (I) (wherein Ar represents an aryl group; A represents a structure represented by formula (II); Z's independently represent a hydrogen atom, a structure represented by general formula (III), or a structure represented by formula (IV), and maybe the same as or different from each other, wherein a case where each of Z's is a hydrogen atom is excluded; Y's independently represents at least one member selected from the group mentioned below; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a ring having one or two oxygen atoms; ×'s independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a monoalkylamino group or a dialkylamino group each of which may be substituted by a halogen atom; k represents 0 or 1; l represents 2 or 3; m represents an integer of 1 to 6; and r represents 1 or 2; wherein, when k is 0, 1 is 3, m is 1 and all of three bonds of A are bonded to Z.

##STR00001##

Provided are: a composition for forming a hole transporting layer for perovskite solar cells, which is inexpensive and does not need to be used together with a dopant; and a compound which can be contained in a composition for forming a hole transporting layer. A compound represented by general formula (I) (wherein Ar represents an aryl group; A represents a structure represented by formula (II); Z's independently represent a hydrogen atom, a structure represented by general formula (III), or a structure represented by formula (IV), and maybe the same as or different from each other, wherein a case where each of Z's is a hydrogen atom is excluded; Y's independently represents at least one member selected from the group mentioned below; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a ring having one or two oxygen atoms; ×'s independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a monoalkylamino group or a dialkylamino group each of which may be substituted by a halogen atom; k represents 0 or 1; l represents 2 or 3; m represents an integer of 1 to 6; and r represents 1 or 2; wherein, when k is 0, 1 is 3, m is 1 and all of three bonds of A are bonded to Z.

##STR00001##

The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.

The present invention includes a method of inhibiting, suppressing or preventing HBV infection in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.