Compounds that have agonist activity at one or more of the S1P receptors are provided. The compounds are sphingosine analogs that, after phosphorylation, can behave as agonists at S1P receptors.

Reactive poly(fluoroalkyl-functional siloxane) oligomers, method of making the same, and compositions comprising the same are shown and described herein. The reactive poly(fluoroalkyl-functional siloxane) oligomers are is derived from a hydrolysable fluoroalkyl-functional silanes. Coating compositions comprising reactive poly(fluoroalkyl-functional siloxane) oligomer(s) may be used to form a coating or a film on a substrate and impart hydrophobic and/or oleophobic properties. The reactive poly(fluoroalkyl-functional siloxane) oligomer are more hydrophobic and oleophobic and show better chemical resistance than the hydrolysable fluoroalkyl-functional silane.

An electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The electrolyte includes a lithium salt; an organic solvent; and at least one siloxane compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2, wherein an amount of the at least one siloxane compound is about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte. ##STR00001## In Formulae 1 and 2, group substituents and number indices are as defined in the specification.

Organosilicon Lewis acids supported on activated oxides and metal oxo complexes grafted on the organosilicon Lewis acids as heterogeneous catalysts and the related compositions, methods and systems are described. These organosilicon Lewis acids and the grafted metal oxo complexes catalyze industrially important chemical reactions including, respectively, C—F bond activation and olefin metathesis reactions such as homocoupling and polymerizations.

Provided is a method for generating hydrogen at a desired rate, using a hydrogen storage material that can be stored and transported safely and inexpensively. The method according to the present invention for producing a silanol compound and hydrogen includes subjecting a hydrosilane compound and water to a reaction with each other in the presence of a solid catalyst to give a silanol compound and hydrogen. The solid catalyst includes hydroxyapatite and gold particles supported on the hydroxyapatite, where the gold particles have an average particle size of 2.5 nm or less. The reaction in the method according to the present invention for producing a silanol compound and hydrogen is preferably performed in an air atmosphere. The reaction in the method according to the present invention for producing a silanol compound and hydrogen can be performed with application of substantially no heat and no activated energy rays.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II:

##STR00001##

wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound of the Formula I or Formula II.

This disclosure provides a method of preparing a silanol-functional organosilicon compound with a cytochrome P450 variant that facilitates the oxidization of a silyl hydride group to a silanol group in the presence of oxygen. The method includes combining the cytochrome P450 variant and an organosilicon compound having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom to give a reaction mixture and exposing the reaction mixture to oxygen to oxidize the organosilicon compound, thereby preparing the silanol-functional organosilicon compound. Cytochrome P450 variants suitable for use in the method are also disclosed, along with methods for engineering and optimizing the same. Nucleic acids encoding the cytochrome P450 variants and compositions, expression vectors, and host cells including the same are also disclosed.

Described herein in part are silanol based therapeutic payloads comprising a silanol terminus, a divalent spacer moiety, and a drug moiety capable of effecting a target cell or tissue.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrolytic solution having high oxidation decomposition potential, where dissolution and deposition of magnesium proceed repeatedly and stably, using a non-nucleophilic alkoxide-type magnesium salt.

The present invention relates to (1) an electrolytic solution for a magnesium battery comprising a mixture of a compound represented by the following general formula (I), a Lewis acid and a solvent:

##STR00001## (2) an electrochemical device comprising the electrolytic solution, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and (3) a compound represented by the following general formula (I′):

##STR00002##

The present invention provides a method for producing a silanol compound capable of efficiently producing a silanol compound. The method for producing a silanol compound includes a proton exchange step of forming a silanol compound having a structure represented by following formula (c) by reacting a silicate having a structure represented by following formula (a) with an acidic compound having an acid dissociation constant pK.sub.a of −1 to 20 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

##STR00001##

(In formula (a), Q.sup.i+ represents an i-valent cation and i represents an integer of 1 to 4).