The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity “g” of a G band to an intensity “d” of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof:
Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1).sub.n1  (I)
in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, ##STR00001##
—CO—, —COO—, —CONH—, and an arylene group.

A system for and method of regenerating a siloxane treatment vessel. At least one heat exchanger receives a flow of fluid from the siloxane treatment vessel, and discharges a cooled flow. A knockout tank receives the cooled flow, separates a condensed portion for disposal, and discharges the remainder. A heater raises a temperature of the remainder flow of fluid, and delivers a heated flow to the siloxane treatment vessel.

The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity “g” of a G band to an intensity “d” of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof.

Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1).sub.n1  (I)

in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—,

##STR00001##

—CO—, —COO—, —CONH—, and an arylene group.

Surface-modified nanoparticles are produced by associating ligand interactive agents with the surface of a nanoparticle. The ligand interactive agents are bound to surface modifying ligands that are tailored to impart particular solubility and/or compatibility properties. The ligand interactive agents are crosslinked via a linking/crosslinking agent, such as hexamethoxymethylmelamine or a derivative thereof. The linking/crosslinking agent may provide a binding site for binding the surface modifying ligands to the ligand interactive agents.

A method of producing a synthetic functionalized additive including the steps of mixing an amount of a magnesium salt with a fluid medium to produce a magnesium-containing fluid, adding an amount of a silane to the magnesium-containing fluid to produce a reactant mix, adding an amount of an aqueous hydroxide to the reactant mix to produce a reaction mixture, mixing the reaction mixture for a mix period, refluxing the reaction mixture for a reflux period to produce a product mix, treating the product mix to separate the synthetic functionalized additive.

A process for cross-linking siloxane and organic polymers comprising reacting (a) a silyl hydride with (b) an unsaturated polymeric compound in the presence of (d) a platinum diene compound with a chelating dianionic ligand.

The present invention relates to hydrogels prepared using silylated organic molecules (such as silylated biomolecules), a process for obtaining the same, and uses thereof.

A composition includes: a metal compound including a ligand; and a solvent. The ligand is derived from a compound represented by formula (1). L represents an oxygen atom or a single bond; R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 bind with each other and represent an alicyclic structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the carbon atom to which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 bond, or le and either R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 bind with each other and represent a lactone ring structure having 4 to 20 ring atoms or a cyclic ketone structure having 4 to 20 ring atoms together with the atom chain to which le and either R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 bond.

##STR00001##

Molecules or salts thereof are provided, having the structure in Formula I, wherein n.sup.2 and n.sup.4 are the same or different and are independently 1, 2, or 3, and n.sup.3 is 1 to 20; X is oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are as described herein. Methods are also provided for the synthesis of and use of the provided molecules in applications for diagnostic testing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to embodiments of synthetic functionalized additives. The synthetic functionalized additive may include a layered magnesium silicate. The layered magnesium silicate may include a first functionalized silicate layer including a first tetrahedral silicate layer covalently bonded to at least two different functional groups, an octahedral brucite layer, including magnesium, and a second functionalized silicate layer including a second tetrahedral silicate layer covalently bonded to at least two different functional groups. The octahedral brucite layer may be positioned between the first functionalized silicate layer and the second functionalized silicate layer. The at least two different functional groups covalently bonded to the first tetrahedral silicate layer may be the same or different than the at least two different functional groups covalently bonded to the second tetrahedral silicate layer.