In one embodiment, the present application discloses a photo-cleavable surface binding compound of the Formula I and Formula II:

##STR00001##

wherein the variables EG, EG1, SP1, SP2, SP3, Ar and BG are as defined herein. In another embodiment, the application discloses a method for forming a coating on a surface of a substrate using the surface binding compound.

A mixture M includes at least one compound A selected from (a1) a compound of the general formula (I): R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3Si—H, and/or (a2) a compound of the general formula (I′): (SiO.sub.4/2).sub.a(R.sup.xSiO.sub.3/2).sub.b(HSiO.sub.3/2).sub.b′(R.sup.x.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2).sub.c(R.sup.xHSiO.sub.2/2).sub.c′(H.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2).sub.c″(R.sup.x.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2).sub.d(HR.sup.x.sub.2SiO.sub.1/2).sub.d′(H.sub.2R.sup.xSiO.sub.1/2).sub.d″(H.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2).sub.d′″, and at least one compound B selected from (b1) a compound of the general formula (II): R.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6Si—O—R.sup.7, and/or (b2) a compound of the general formula (II′): R.sup.x.sub.3Si—O[—SiR.sup.x.sub.2—O].sub.m—[Si(OR.sup.7.sub.3)R.sup.x—O].sub.n—SiR.sup.x.sub.3, and at least one compound C selected from the cationic germanium(II) compound of the general formula (III): ([Ge(II)Cp].sup.+).sub.aX.sup.a−.

A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, A.sub.1, A.sub.11, X.sub.21, XY.sub.1, XY.sub.11, R.sub.4, R.sub.14, b4, b14, c1, and c11 are as described in the specification.

The invention relates to a process for the stepwise synthesis of silahydrocarbons bearing up to four different organyl substituents at the silicon atom, wherein the process includes at least one step a) of producing a bifunctional hydridochlorosilane by a redistribution reaction, selective chlorination of hydridosilanes with an ether/HCl reagent, or by selective chlorination of hydridosilanes with SiCl.sub.4, at least one step b) of submitting a bifunctional hydridochloromonosilane to a hydrosilylation reaction, at least one step c) of hydrogenation of a chloromonosilane, and a step d) in which a silahydrocarbon compound is obtained in a hydrosilylation reaction.

Copolymers, as well as compounds, compositions, articles of manufacture, and methods of making thereof, are disclosed. The copolymers may generally exhibit flexibility properties and may generally have a high refractive index. The copolymers may generally be made by providing a dihydrodisiloxane and an aliphatic vinyl alcohol and combining the dihydrodisiloxane and the aliphatic vinyl alcohol under conditions that allow for hydrogenation of the aliphatic vinyl alcohol and result in coupling of the aliphatic vinyl alcohol to the dihydrodisiloxane to produce a hydroxyl substituted siloxane.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of perhalogenated hexasilane anion by reacting halogenated monosilane in the presence of organosubstituted ammonium and/or phosphonium halide at temperatures in a range from 100 to 120° C., wherein no solvent is used, and a process for the production of a cyclic silane compound of the formula Si.sub.6R.sub.12, by reacting [X].sub.2[Si.sub.6Cl.sub.14] with AlR.sub.3 in at least one organic solvent, wherein R is chlorine or methyl and X, the same or different, is a counter-cation and is preferably selected from organosubstituted ammonium, organosubstituted phosphonium, alkali metal ions and [(PEDETA)(H.sub.2SiCl)]+.

A liquid crystal compound is provided that satisfies at least one physical property, such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
in which, R.sup.a and R.sup.b are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A.sup.1, ring A.sup.2 and ring A.sup.3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene; and ring N.sup.1 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; G is a divalent group represented by formula (pr-1) or (pr-2); ##STR00002##
in which, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 are a single bond; and a, b and c are 0, 1 or 2.

The present invention relates to processes for polymerizing unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers. The present invention also relates to a precatalyst having the structure of Formula (I):

M{C(SiHAlk.sub.2).sub.3}.sub.3  (I),

and to a catalyst comprising the structure of Formula (II):

MC(SiHAlk.sub.2).sub.3X.sub.2  (II),

and methods for preparation thereof.

Provided is a method of preparing a silylative-reduced N-heterocyclic compound by reducing an N-heteroaromatic compound including a sp.sup.2 hybridized nitrogen atom while simultaneously introducing a silyl group into a beta-position with respect to a nitrogen atom of the N-heteroaromatic compound, using a silane compound, in the presence of an organoboron catalyst.

The present invention is directed to compositions for silylating organic substrates containing C—H or O—H bonds, especially heteroaromatic substrates. The compositions are derived from the preconditioning of mixtures of hydrosilanes or organodisilanes with bases, including metal hydroxide and metal alkoxide bases. In some embodiments, the preconditioning results in the formation of reactive silicon hydride species.