Provided is a method for producing a halogenated hydrocarbon magnesium compound, the method including bringing a halogenated hydrocarbon compound into contact with magnesium having a specific surface area of 1×10.sup.−5 to 2×10.sup.−4 m.sup.2/g. Also provided are methods for producing a tertiary alcohol compound and an organosilicon compound, wherein said production method is utilized.

The present invention provides a lithium ion battery and an electrolyte thereof. The electrolyte for the lithium ion battery includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt and additives, wherein the additives include additive A cyclophosphazene compound, additive B lithium fluorophosphate compound, and additive C selected from at least one of silane phosphate compound, silane phosphite compound and silane borate compound. Compared with conventional technologies, the nickel-rich positive electrode lithium ion battery using the electrolyte of the present invention has a desirable cyclic capacity retention rate, a desirable storage capacity retention rate and a low gas production at high temperature, and has a low DC internal resistance at low temperature, which can remarkably improve the thermal stability of lithium ion battery.

The present invention provides a lithium ion battery and an electrolyte thereof. The electrolyte for the lithium ion battery includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt and additives, wherein the additives include additive A cyclophosphazene compound, additive B lithium fluorophosphate compound, and additive C selected from at least one of silane phosphate compound, silane phosphite compound and silane borate compound. Compared with conventional technologies, the nickel-rich positive electrode lithium ion battery using the electrolyte of the present invention has a desirable cyclic capacity retention rate, a desirable storage capacity retention rate and a low gas production at high temperature, and has a low DC internal resistance at low temperature, which can remarkably improve the thermal stability of lithium ion battery.

The present invention provides methods for performing supercritical fluid chromatography comprising loading a sample to be separated by supercritical fluid chromatography onto a stationary phase comprising a spherical, monodisperse, core-shell particulate material comprising a nonporous core and one or more layers of a porous shell material surrounding the core, wherein the particles are sized less than 2 microns; and performing supercritical fluid chromatography to separate the sample.

A method for producing polysulphane-silanes of formula (I): (R.sup.1).sub.3-mR.sup.2.sub.mSi—R.sup.3—S.sub.x—R.sup.3—SiR.sup.2.sub.m(OR.sup.1).sub.3-m by reacting at least one silane of formula (II): (R.sup.1).sub.3-mR.sup.2.sub.mSi—R.sup.3-Hal with M(SH).sub.y and/or M.sub.zS and sulphur, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst of formula (III), wherein at least one carrier-vapour distillation and/or ozone treatment is performed during or after the reaction.

The invention relates to a process for the production of sulfur containing silanes by the following steps (a) preparing an aqueous phase preparation by mixing sodium hydrosulfide or sodium sulfide, sulfur, Na2C03 and/or NaOH and a brine of step (f) and optionally of aqueous suspension of step (h), (b) adding 20 - 100 wt. -% of the total amount of phase transfer catalyst (c) continuously or in portions adding halogen alkyl silane, and simultaneously adding the rest of the total amount of phase transfer catalyst, in portions or continuously, (d) optionally adding brine from (f), optionally adding aqueous suspension from (h), optionally adding solid residue from step (k), separate the phase into a lower aqueous suspension and an upper organic phase and draw off the organic phase, (e) supply of the aqueous suspension from (d), optionally adding aqueous suspension from (h), separate in a salt cake and brine, (f) recycle all or a part of the brine of step (e) into step (a) and optional into step (d), (g) optionally distillate the rest of the brine from step (e) to yield aqueous distillate and aqueous suspension, (h) optionally recycle the aqueous suspension of step (g) into step (a) and /or (d) and/ or (e), (i) route the organic phase of step (d) to an evaporation step to yield a organic residue and low boiling distillate, (j) separate the organic residue from the evaporation step (i) into a sulfur containing silane and a solid residue, (k) optionally the solid residue of step (j) is recycled to step (d).

The present invention particularly relates to synthesizing photo-initiators having poly-oligo-silsesquioxane (POSS) structure and realizing photo-polymerization by using these photo-initiators and simultaneous and in-situ synthesis of Ag nano-particles in polymer matrix comprising POSS structure and obtaining wrinkled surfaces as a result of self-arranging thereof.

The invention provides methods for the synthesis of eribulin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., eribulin mesylate) through a macrocyclization strategy. The macrocyclization strategy of the present invention involves subjecting a non-macrocyclic intermediate to a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction (e.g., an olefination reaction (e.g., Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination), Dieckmann reaction, catalytic Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis, or Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction) to afford a macrocyclic intermediate. The invention also provides compounds useful as intermediates in the synthesis of eribulin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and methods for preparing the same.

The invention relates to a silane of the formula (1),

Si(R.sup.1).sub.m(R.sup.2).sub.n(R.sup.3).sub.4-(m+n)  (1)

as defined herein, where the silane has at least one group of the general formula (3):

##STR00001##

as defined herein, to a method for preparing the silane, and to curable compositions, containing the silane and at least one polyorganosiloxane.

The instant invention provides procatalysts and catalyst systems for olefin polymerization, olefin based polymers polymerized therewith, and process for producing the same. In one embodiment, the instant invention provides a procatalyst comprising a metal-ligand complex of formula (I):

##STR00001##