An anolyte for a redox-flow battery (RFB) comprising a metal-ion complex and a phosphonate-based ligand having a phosphonic group wherein the phosphonic acid group is directly coordinated to a metal-ion.

An electronic switching element is described having, in sequence, a first electrode, a molecular layer bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode. The molecular layer contains compounds of formula I, R.sup.1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.r—B.sup.1—(Z.sup.2-A.sup.2).sub.s-Sp-G, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, G, r, and s are as defined herein, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group, Sp, by means of an anchor group, G. The switching element is suitable for production of components that can operate as a memristive device for digital information storage.

The present invention is related to a method for the synthesis of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid or its salt which includes the steps of reacting tetraphosphorus hexaoxide and acetic acid under controlled reaction conditions; hydrolyzing the formed ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid condensates to form ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid; further processing the ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid solution. The process according to the method of the present invention is highly controllable and further is characterized by a high selectivity.

Described herein are bisphosphonate oxazolidinone compounds, and conjugates and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, that can include a bisphosphonate and an oxazolidinone (or an oxazolidinone antimicrobial or antibiotic agent, substituent or derivative thereof), where the oxazolidinone can be releasably coupled to the bisphosphonate. Also provided herein are methods of making and methods of using the bisphosphonate oxazolidinone compounds, conjugates and pharmaceutical formulations thereof. Also provided herein are methods of use of the compounds, conjugates and formulations for treating a bone disease or for use in preparing a formulation for the treatment a bone disease.

The invention provides extended bisphosphonate-based metal complexes using benzene1,4-bis(bisphosphonic acid) (BBPA), an analog of benzene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC). Hydrothermal synthesis of BBPA with the bioactive metals Ca.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, and Mg.sup.2+ leads to four crystals phases, namely, BBPA-Ca forms I and II, BBPA-Zn form I, and BBPA-Mg form I. Out of the three structures, BBPA-Ca form II presents large channels (8 Å×12 Å), potentiating the use of this framework to load drugs. Cytotoxicity effects of BBPA was elucidated in a human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and a normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell lines. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC.sub.50) for BBPA used to treat both cell lines were >200 μM at 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. The BBPA in the range of concentration employed (0-200 μM) was not cytotoxic against these cell lines.

An implantable medical device comprising (a) a metallic substrate and (b) a bisphosphonate wherein both phosphorus atoms contained in the bisphosphonate are covalently attached to a same carbon atom. The bisphosphonate continuously coats the external surface of the metallic substrate as monolayer and as outermost layer. At least one phosphonate moiety of the bisphosphonate is covalently and directly bonded to the external surface of the metallic substrate and/or covalently bonded to another molecule of the bisphosphonate in the coating.

The invention provides extended bisphosphonate-based metal complexes using benzene1,4-bis(bisphosphonic acid) (BBPA), an analog of benzene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC). Hydrothermal synthesis of BBPA with the bioactive metals Ca.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, and Mg.sup.2+ leads to four crystals phases, namely, BBPA-Ca forms I and II, BBPA-Zn form I, and BBPA-Mg form I. Out of the three structures, BBPA-Ca form II presents large channels (8 Å×12 Å), potentiating the use of this framework to load drugs. Dissolution profiles were conducted to investigate the release of BBPA from BBPA-based metal complexes under physiological conditions (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS). These results show that <50% of BBPA was released from the BBPA-based metal complexes after 72 h. Binding assays employing hydroxyapatite (HA) were conducted to explore the affinity of BBPA to the bone microenvironment. About 99% of the BBPA could bind to HA in 10 days, revealing that BBPA is capable of binding to the bone. Cytotoxicity effects of BBPA was elucidated in a human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and a normal osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell lines. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC.sub.50) for BBPA used to treat both cell lines were >200 μM at 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. The BBPA in the range of concentration employed (0-200 μM) was no cytotoxic against these cell lines.

An electronic switching element is described having, in sequence, a first electrode, a molecular layer bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode. The molecular layer contains compounds of formula I, R.sup.1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.r—B.sup.1—(Z.sup.2-A.sup.2).sub.s-Sp-G, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, G, r, and s are as defined herein, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group, Sp, by means of an anchor group, G. The switching element is suitable for production of components that can operate as a memristive device for digital information storage.

Methods for stabilizing one or more peroxide compounds in solution comprising adding to the solution an effective amount of at least one compound selected from the group comprising (i) cyclic carbonates; (ii) poly-phosphonic acid chelating agents and salts thereof, and alkaline pH adjusting agents with a pKb value of up to 3.0, wherein the w/w ratio of the poly-phosphonic acid chelating agent or salt thereof to alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is from about 1:1 to about 50:1; and (iii) mixtures thereof. Also disclosed are solutions comprising the above compounds, uses of the above compounds to stabilize peroxide compounds in solutions, and compounds recited above for use as novel stabilizers.

An electronic switching element is described having, in sequence, a first electrode, a molecular layer bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode. The molecular layer contains compounds of formula I, R.sup.1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.rB.sup.1(Z.sup.2-A.sup.2).sub.s-Sp-G, wherein A.sup.1, A.sup.2, B.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Sp, G, r, and s are as defined herein, in which a mesogenic radical is bonded to the substrate via a spacer group, Sp, by means of an anchor group, G. The switching element is suitable for production of components that can operate as a memristive device for digital information storage.