Disclosed herein are phosphoramidate prodrugs of nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of viral infections in mammals, which is a compound, its stereoisomer, salt (acid or basic addition salt), hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof, represented by the following structure:

##STR00001##

Also disclosed are methods of treatment, uses, and processes for preparing each of which utilize the compound represented by formula I.

The disclosure relates to in vivo and ex vivo uses of dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH), dihydronicotinic acid riboside (NARH) and reduced derivatives thereof to treat immune-related disorders (e.g., systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis), kidney disorders (e.g., acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome [HRS]), liver disorders (e.g., acute liver failure and HRS), hemolytic disorders (e.g., hemolysis and hemolytic anemia), and disorders and conditions associated with oxidative stress, damage or injury (e.g., methemoglobinemia and anemia). NRH, NARH and reduced derivatives thereof can be used in vivo or ex vivo alone or in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents, such as an anti-inflammatory agent or/and an antioxidant.

The invention relates to the use of an amine masked moiety in a method of enzymatic nucleic acid synthesis. The invention also relates to said amine masked moieties per se and a process for preparing nucleotide triphosphates comprising said amine masked moieties.

The invention relates to the use of an amine masked moiety in a method of enzymatic nucleic acid synthesis. The invention also relates to said amine masked moieties per se and a process for preparing nucleotide triphosphates comprising said amine masked moieties.

Methods of preparing nicotinamide riboside and derivatives thereof. In an aspect, the invention relates to a method of preparing a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein
n is 0 or 1;
m is 0 or 1;
Y is O or S; R.sub.1 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted primary or secondary amino, and substituted or unsubstituted azido; R.sub.2-R.sub.5, which may be the same or different, are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and X.sup.− is an anion, selected from an anion of a substituted or unsubstituted carboxylic acid, a halide, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonate, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphate, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfate, a substituted or unsubstituted carbonate, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbamate.

Provided are methods for treating Paramyxoviridae virus infections by administering ribosides, riboside phosphates and prodrugs thereof, of Formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein the 1′ position of the nucleoside sugar is substituted. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Human parainfluenza and Human respiratory syncytial virus infections.

Provided are methods for treating Paramyxoviridae virus infections by administering ribosides, riboside phosphates and prodrugs thereof, of Formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein the 1′ position of the nucleoside sugar is substituted. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Human parainfluenza and Human respiratory syncytial virus infections.

The present disclosure provides reagents that can be used to label synthetic oligonucleotides with rhodamine dyes or dye networks that contain rhodamine dyes.

The present disclosure provides reagents that can be used to label synthetic oligonucleotides with rhodamine dyes or dye networks that contain rhodamine dyes.

Among other things, the present disclosure provides technologies for oligonucleotide preparation, particularly chirally controlled oligonucleotide preparation, which technologies provide greatly improved crude purity and yield, and significantly reduce manufacturing costs.