Provided is a nucleoside derivative represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkoxy group, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4, which may be the same as or different from each other, each represents a hydrogen atom, a protective group for a hydroxyl group, a phosphate group, a protected phosphate group, or —P(═O).sub.nR.sup.5R.sup.6 in which n represents 0 or 1, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same as or different from each other, each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a protected mercapto group, an alkoxy group, a cyanoalkoxy group, an amino group, or a substituted amino group, provided that when n is 1, both R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 cannot be the hydrogen atom at the same time; R.sup.3 represents —(CH.sub.2).sub.mNHR.sup.7 in which m represents an integer of 1 to 6, R.sup.7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or a protective group for an amino group; and B represents a purin-9-yl group, a 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group, a substituted purin-9-yl group, or a substituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group.

The disclosure relates to nucleic acids that contain modifications at the 5′-end, 3′-end or 5′-end and 3′-ends, and compounds that can be used to make the modified nucleic acids arc disclosed. The modified nucleic acids have improved expression, lower immunogenicity and improved stability compared to unmodified nucleic acids.

The invention relates to novel heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. The invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer using the novel heterocyclic compounds of the invention.

The invention relates to novel heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. The invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer using the novel heterocyclic compounds of the invention.

The invention relates to novel heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. The invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer using the novel heterocyclic compounds of the invention.

The invention relates to novel heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. The invention further relates to methods of treating or preventing cancer using the novel heterocyclic compounds of the invention.

The present inventions provides drug-drug conjugates, drug-porphyrin conjugates, nanoparticles of the conjugates, as well as modified nanoparticles having PEGylated exteriors or encapsulated by red blood cell vesicles. The conjugates, nanoparticles and nanocarriers are useful for treating cancers and other diseases, as well as for imaging diseased tissue or organs.

The present invention relates to novel spirobicyclic analogues of Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein the variables have the meaning defined in the claims. The compounds according to the present invention are useful as PRMT5 inhibitors. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds as an active ingredient as well as the use of said compounds as a medicament.

The present invention relates to novel spirobicyclic analogues of Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein the variables have the meaning defined in the claims. The compounds according to the present invention are useful as PRMT5 inhibitors. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds as an active ingredient as well as the use of said compounds as a medicament.

The present application relates to a nucleic acid purification method, specifically to a nucleic acid purification method which includes a first step of crystallizing the nucleic acid using a solution containing a hydrophilic organic solvent; and a second step of drying the crystallized nucleic acid with high-humidity hot air.