The invention relates to sphingoglycolipid analogues which are useful in treating or preventing diseases and conditions such as those relating to infection, atopic disorders, autoimmune diseases or cancer.

There is provided a production method of a thiopyranose compound represented by the following Formula (2) by reacting a compound represented by the following Formula (1) with a sulfur compound. ##STR00001##
X represents a leaving group. A represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Further, each of R.sup.1A to R.sup.4B, R.sup.1B to R.sup.4B, and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a specific substituent.

There is provided a production method of a thiopyranose compound represented by the following Formula (2) by reacting a compound represented by the following Formula (1) with a sulfur compound. ##STR00001##
X represents a leaving group. A represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Further, each of R.sup.1A to R.sup.4B, R.sup.1B to R.sup.4B, and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a specific substituent.

Disclosed are peptides comprising an amphiphilic backbone and a cationic heparin-binding motif peptide. The peptides can be used in methods of antimicrobial treatment.

The present invention discloses a glycoside compound represented by Formula III, and a preparation method, a composition, use and an intermediate thereof. The glycoside compound provided in the present invention has simple preparation method, can significantly increase the expression of VEGF-A mRNA, and is effective in promoting the angiogenesis. This provides a reliable guarantee for the development of drugs with pro-angiogenic activity for treating cerebral infarction cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, and ischemic microcirculatory disturbance of lower limbs.

The present invention discloses a glycoside compound represented by Formula III, and a preparation method, a composition, use and an intermediate thereof. The glycoside compound provided in the present invention has simple preparation method, can significantly increase the expression of VEGF-A mRNA, and is effective in promoting the angiogenesis. This provides a reliable guarantee for the development of drugs with pro-angiogenic activity for treating cerebral infarction cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, and ischemic microcirculatory disturbance of lower limbs.

Disclosed are peptides comprising an amphiphilic backbone and a cationic heparin-binding motif peptide. The peptides can be used in methods of antimicrobial treatment.

Provided is a nanoparticle including: a core structure; and a shell structure covering the core structure and separated from the core structure by a nanogap, wherein a macrocyclic host molecule exhibiting hydrophobicity inside and hydrophilicity outside and a Raman-active material inserted into the macrocyclic host molecule are provided on a surface of the core structure, and the macrocyclic host molecule and the Raman-active material fill the nanogap.

Provided is a nanoparticle including: a core structure; and a shell structure covering the core structure and separated from the core structure by a nanogap, wherein a macrocyclic host molecule exhibiting hydrophobicity inside and hydrophilicity outside and a Raman-active material inserted into the macrocyclic host molecule are provided on a surface of the core structure, and the macrocyclic host molecule and the Raman-active material fill the nanogap.

The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 and R4 are joined and together form a group, such a —CH2O—. The compound of formula (I) can be used in the manufacture of 5′S-LNA oligonucleotides as antisense drugs. ##STR00001##