Modified cellulose fibers comprising cellulose fibers bound to one or more substituents, via an ether bonding, selected from substituents represented by the following general formula (1) and substituents represented by the following general formula (2) and one or more substituents selected from substituents represented by the following general formula (3) and substituents represented by the following general formula (4): CH.sub.2CH(OH)R.sub.1 (1); CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2(OA).sub.nOR.sub.1 (2); CH.sub.2CH(OH)R.sub.2 (3); CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2(OA).sub.nOR.sub.2 (4), wherein the modified cellulose fibers have cellulose I crystal structure.

Modified cellulose fibers comprising cellulose fibers bound to one or more substituents, via an ether bonding, selected from substituents represented by the following general formula (1) and substituents represented by the following general formula (2) and one or more substituents selected from substituents represented by the following general formula (3) and substituents represented by the following general formula (4): CH.sub.2CH(OH)R.sub.1 (1); CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2(OA).sub.nOR.sub.1 (2); CH.sub.2CH(OH)R.sub.2 (3); CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2(OA).sub.nOR.sub.2 (4), wherein the modified cellulose fibers have cellulose I crystal structure.

A nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel is disclosed. The nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel may comprise azido-modified nanofibrillar cellulose having a substituent represented by the formula O(CH.sub.2).sub.nS(O).sub.m-L.sub.1-N.sub.3, wherein n is in the range of 1 to 10; m is 0 or 1; and L.sub.1 is a linker; wherein the substituent is attached to a carbon of one or more glucosyl units of the azido-modified nanofibrillar cellulose, thus forming an ether bond to the carbon.

Provided are compounds that generate a peroxide when they react with ozone in the presence of water. Additionally, alkyne compounds reactive with a free radical, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) or another reactive species are provided. Also provided are enol ether, enamine, and vinal thioester compounds reactive with a free radical, a strong acid, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) or another reactive species. Additionally provided are compounds reactive with a free radical, an ROS or another reactive species. The compounds comprise a conjugated moiety operably joined to an alkene moiety and a resonance-transmitting moiety, wherein the resonance-transmitting moiety transmits an electron through the conjugated moiety to the alkene moiety, which reacts with the free radical, an ROS or another reactive species. Also provided are methods of decomposing a free radical, an ROS or another reactive species. The methods comprise contacting the free radical or ROS with any of the above compounds. Also provided are methods of using any of the compounds described herein, and compositions comprising those compounds. Additionally provided are methods of producing the above compounds.

A method for producing an additive for a rubber composition, including the step of preparing modified cellulose fibers including introducing one or more compounds selected from unsaturated group-containing alkylene oxide compounds and unsaturated group-containing glycidyl ether compounds to cellulose-based raw materials in the presence of a base, via an ether bonding, and thereafter carrying out a finely fibrillating treatment, wherein the modified cellulose fibers are cellulose fibers bound to one or more substituents, via an ether bonding, selected from substituents represented by the following general formula (1) and substituents represented by the following general formula (2): CH.sub.2CH(OH)R.sub.1 (1); and CH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2(OA).sub.nOR.sub.1 (2), wherein the modified cellulose fibers have cellulose I crystal structure.

The present invention relates to surface-modified cellulose nanofibers, which are used to improve fiber-matrix adhesion, resulting in biodegradable nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) composites, which can be used to form structures such as films, with excellent mechanical performance. Particularly, the present invention relates to a bio composite resin composition wherein the surface of cellulose nanofibers have been chemically modified, a method for producing such composite resin composition and a casting-sheet composite body.

The present invention relates to surface-modified cellulose nanofibers, which are used to improve fiber-matrix adhesion, resulting in biodegradable nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) composites, which can be used to form structures such as films, with excellent mechanical performance. Particularly, the present invention relates to a bio composite resin composition wherein the surface of cellulose nanofibers have been chemically modified, a method for producing such composite resin composition and a casting-sheet composite body.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, a composite material is prepared by blending a flame retardant modified cellulosic nanomaterial (FR-CN) filler into a polymer, wherein the FR-CN filler comprises a cellulosic nanomaterial (e.g., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and/or cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) having a surface functionalized to incorporate a phosphorus-containing moiety. In some embodiments, the FR-CN filler is prepared by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial and a halogenated phosphorous-containing monomer (e.g., diphenyl phosphoryl chloride). In some embodiments, the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial is further functionalized to incorporate an orthogonal functionality selected to enhance the compatibility of the FR-CN filler with the polymer by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial and a monomer (e.g., epichlorohydrin when the polymer is an epoxy-based polymer).

In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, a composite material is prepared by blending a flame retardant modified cellulosic nanomaterial (FR-CN) filler into a polymer, wherein the FR-CN filler comprises a cellulosic nanomaterial (e.g., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and/or cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) having a surface functionalized to incorporate a phosphorus-containing moiety. In some embodiments, the FR-CN filler is prepared by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial and a halogenated phosphorous-containing monomer (e.g., diphenyl phosphoryl chloride). In some embodiments, the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial is further functionalized to incorporate an orthogonal functionality selected to enhance the compatibility of the FR-CN filler with the polymer by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial and a monomer (e.g., epichlorohydrin when the polymer is an epoxy-based polymer).

In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, a composite material is prepared by blending a flame retardant modified cellulosic nanomaterial (FR-CN) filler into a polymer, wherein the FR-CN filler comprises a cellulosic nanomaterial (e.g., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and/or cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) having a surface functionalized to incorporate a phosphorus-containing moiety. In some embodiments, the FR-CN filler is prepared by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial and a halogenated phosphorous-containing monomer (e.g., diphenyl phosphoryl chloride). In some embodiments, the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial is further functionalized to incorporate an orthogonal functionality selected to enhance the compatibility of the FR-CN filler with the polymer by reacting hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulosic nanomaterial and a monomer (e.g., epichlorohydrin when the polymer is an epoxy-based polymer).