The present invention relates to a synthetic saccharide of general formulate (I) that is related to Clostridium difficile PS-II cell-surface polysaccharide and conjugate thereof. Said synthetic saccharide, said conjugate and pharmaceutical composition containing said synthetic saccharide or said conjugate are useful for prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with Clostridium difficile. Furthermore, the synthetic saccharide of general formula (I) is useful as marker in immunological assays for detection of antibodies against Clostridium difficile bacteria.

The present invention provides a method for removing a divalent metal cation from a macromolecular compound having an anionic functional group and containing the divalent metal cation, including (1) suspending a macromolecular compound having an anionic functional group and containing a divalent metal cation in a solution in which an electrolyte that releases an alkali metal ion is dissolved at a concentration at which the macromolecular compound is salted out, and (2) performing, in the obtained suspension, an ion exchange reaction to exchange the divalent metal cation contained in the macromolecular compound with the alkali metal ion.

Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions.

The present invention generally relates to the field of detecting and preventing infectious diseases caused by Enterococcus faecalis and/or Enterococcus faecium. More specifically, the invention relates to an Enterococcus faecalis and/or Enterococcus faecium antigen which comprises at least one unit having the following general formula:

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Aspects of the invention provide compositions for use in the treatment galectin-dependent diseases. In particular, compositions comprising a selectively depolymerized, branched galactoarabino-rhamnogalacturonate whose backbone is predominantly comprised of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid (GalA) moieties, with a lesser backbone composition of alternating 1,4-linked GalA and 1,2-linked rhamnose (Rha), which in-turn is linked to any number of side chains, including predominantly 1,4-b-D-galactose (Gal) and 1,5-a-L-arabinose (Ara) residues.

Provided herein are biopolymers comprising repeating polysaccharide units, preparations of biopolymers, and topical compositions comprising biopolymers, as well as methods of use.

Preparations of glycan polymers and variations thereof, pharmaceutical compositions, medical foods, supplements, foods, food ingredients, feed ingredients, and feed additives thereof, optionally comprising micronutrients, polyphenols, prebiotics, probiotics, or other agents are provided and methods of making same.

Provided are a lycium barbarum leaf polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid and a preparation method and use thereof. The method includes: mixing a lycium barbarum leaf and an acetone aqueous solution to obtain a mixture, and performing a fading treatment on the mixture to obtain a faded lycium barbarum leaf; extracting the faded lycium barbarum leaf with a chelating agent solution to obtain an extract solution; subjecting the extract solution to an alcohol precipitation with ethanol to obtain an alcohol precipitate; and subjecting the alcohol precipitate to an alcohol washing, a water redissolution, a dialysis and a drying in sequence to obtain the lycium barbarum leaf polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid.

The present invention relates to a water-soluble binder composition comprising at least one carbohydrate component and at least one carbon dioxide reaction product comprising at least the reaction product(s) of carbon dioxide with at least one nitrogen-containing compound. It further relates to a method of its manufacture, its use, a method of manufacturing a collection of matter bound by said polymeric binder, as well as a binder solution or dispersion comprising said binder composition.

Described herein are methods for the production of oligosaccharides, including functionalized oligosaccharides, from one or more sugars, such as one or more monosaccharides, using polymeric and solid-supported catalysts containing acidic and ionic groups. Also provided are the oligosaccharide compositions, including functionalized oligosaccharide compositions, obtained using the methods.