Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.

Provided are a novel polymer having a structure derived from 1,2-difluoroethylene, and a production method thereof. A fluorine-containing polymer including a structural unit represented by a following general formula (1) partly or as a whole, and having a glass transition temperature of 100° C. or more;

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Disclosed is an antioxidant for a polymer electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell including cerium hydrogen phosphate (CeHPO.sub.4). The presence of cerium hydrogen phosphate in the antioxidant enhances the dissolution stability of cerium and improves the ability to capture water, leading to an increase in proton conductivity. In addition, the cerium hydrogen phosphate has a crystal structure composed of smaller cerium particles. This crystal structure greatly improves the ability of the antioxidant to prevent oxidation of the electrolyte membrane. Also disclosed are an electrolyte membrane including the antioxidant, a fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane, a method for preparing the antioxidant, a method for producing the electrolyte membrane, and a method for fabricating the fuel cell.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a coating composition containing a dissolved, specific fluoropolymer at a high concentration that is usable in fluoropolymer coating. The present disclosure relates to a coating composition containing a fluoropolymer and an aprotic solvent, and the fluoropolymer contains, as a main component, a monomer unit represented by formula (1):

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wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each independently a fluorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group, or a fluoroalkoxy group; and the concentration of the fluoropolymer is 20 mass % or more based on the total mass of the coating composition.

Provided in this patent disclosure are two types of novel fluoro-monomers that can be polymerized for the fabrication of ion-exchange fluoropolymers. In addition, new proton-conductive zirconium-perfluorophosphonic acid fluoropolymer membranes that can reduce metal crossovers in redox flow batteries are also provided.

Provided in this patent disclosure are two types of novel fluoro-monomers that can be polymerized for the fabrication of ion-exchange fluoropolymers. In addition, new proton-conductive zirconium-perfluorophosphonic acid fluoropolymer membranes that can reduce metal crossovers in redox flow batteries are also provided.

A method for producing an iodine-containing compound includes reacting a halogen-containing organic iodine compound and a compound containing a reactive carbon-carbon double bond in the presence of a compound of Formula (21) or Formula (22). Each of R.sup.21, R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, or an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.22 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a boron-containing group; R.sup.25 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a silicon-containing group; and each of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

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A method for producing an iodine-containing compound includes reacting a halogen-containing organic iodine compound and a compound containing a reactive carbon-carbon double bond in the presence of a compound of Formula (21) or Formula (22). Each of R.sup.21, R.sup.23 and R.sup.24 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, or an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.22 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a boron-containing group; R.sup.25 represents a hydrogen atom, an iodine atom, an organic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a silicon-containing group; and each of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

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The invention relates to a composition based on a thermoplastic fluoropolymer powder, in particular on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with improved flowability, particularly suitable for manufacturing parts by 3D laser sintering. The invention also relates to a method for agglomerating powder layer by layer, by melting or sintering using said composition. The invention finally relates to a three-dimensional article obtained by implementing said method.

An electrode current collector including a metal foil wherein a coating layer is formed on one or both surfaces of the metal foil, and a contact angle with pure water of the surface of the coating layer at a side opposite to the metal foil side is 30° or more.