Provided is a polymer flocculant which is capable of controlling the structure of a polymer that is a copolymerization product of a monomer (a) having a structure derived from formula (I) in each molecule and a water-soluble unsaturated monomer (b) having a polymerizable unsaturated bond in each molecule, and which has a branched or cross-linking structure, and is excellent in water-solubility and water dispersibility, ##STR00001## In formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon not having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen; W is a non-metal element of the group 15; X and Y are each a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and each have at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, provided that X and Y have different structures; and Z is a chlorine ion, a bromine ion, or an iodine ion.

Provided is a polymer flocculant which is capable of controlling the structure of a polymer that is a copolymerization product of a monomer (a) having a structure derived from formula (I) in each molecule and a water-soluble unsaturated monomer (b) having a polymerizable unsaturated bond in each molecule, and which has a branched or cross-linking structure, and is excellent in water-solubility and water dispersibility, ##STR00001## In formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon not having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen; W is a non-metal element of the group 15; X and Y are each a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and each have at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, provided that X and Y have different structures; and Z is a chlorine ion, a bromine ion, or an iodine ion.

Provided is a cell culture scaffold material having excellent cell adhesion. The cell culture scaffold material according to the present invention contains a peptide-conjugated polyvinyl alcohol derivative having a polyvinyl alcohol derivative portion and a peptide portion, and the peptide portion has a cyclic peptide skeleton.

There is provided a method of producing a polymerizable composition that includes a first polymerizable monomer; and a second polymerizable monomer, a polymer of the second polymerizable monomer, or both, the second polymerizable monomer, the polymer of the second polymerizable monomer, or the both being dispersed in the first polymerizable monomer, the method of producing a polymerizable composition includes dissolving the first polymerizable monomer; the second polymerizable monomer, the polymer of the second polymerizable monomer, or the both in a solvent to obtain a solution in a first step; and evaporating the solvent from the solution in a second step, wherein the first polymerizable monomer is a liquid, and wherein the second polymerizable monomer is a solid.

There is provided a method of producing a polymerizable composition that includes a first polymerizable monomer; and a second polymerizable monomer, a polymer of the second polymerizable monomer, or both, the second polymerizable monomer, the polymer of the second polymerizable monomer, or the both being dispersed in the first polymerizable monomer, the method of producing a polymerizable composition includes dissolving the first polymerizable monomer; the second polymerizable monomer, the polymer of the second polymerizable monomer, or the both in a solvent to obtain a solution in a first step; and evaporating the solvent from the solution in a second step, wherein the first polymerizable monomer is a liquid, and wherein the second polymerizable monomer is a solid.

Provided are a rubber composition having a good balance of improved fuel efficiency, abrasion resistance, and wet grip performance while providing good processability, and a pneumatic tire having a tread manufactured from the rubber composition. A rubber composition comprising: a copolymer synthesized by copolymerization of a conjugated diene monomer and an unsaturated acyclic monoester represented by the formula (1) below; and carbon black and/or silica, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group, and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group.

Embodiments provide a multilayer film in which: a first acrylic resin layer (α1), an aromatic polycarbonate resin layer (β), and a second acrylic resin layer (α2) are directly laminated in the stated order; the aromatic polycarbonate resin constituting the aromatic polycarbonate resin layer (β) is a product of ester exchange between a polycarbonic acid ester of an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a low-crystalline or amorphous aromatic polyester; and the relationships (Tβ−Tα1)≤30 and (Tβ−Tα2)≤30 (where Tα1 is the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin constituting the first acrylic resin layer (α1), Tα2 is the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin constituting the second acrylic resin layer (α2), Tβ is the glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate resin constituting the aromatic polycarbonate resin layer (β), and all of the temperatures are measured in degrees Celsius) are satisfied. The glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate resin should be 100-140° C.

Embodiments provide a multilayer film in which: a first acrylic resin layer (α1), an aromatic polycarbonate resin layer (β), and a second acrylic resin layer (α2) are directly laminated in the stated order; the aromatic polycarbonate resin constituting the aromatic polycarbonate resin layer (β) is a product of ester exchange between a polycarbonic acid ester of an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a low-crystalline or amorphous aromatic polyester; and the relationships (Tβ−Tα1)≤30 and (Tβ−Tα2)≤30 (where Tα1 is the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin constituting the first acrylic resin layer (α1), Tα2 is the glass transition temperature of the acrylic resin constituting the second acrylic resin layer (α2), Tβ is the glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate resin constituting the aromatic polycarbonate resin layer (β), and all of the temperatures are measured in degrees Celsius) are satisfied. The glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate resin should be 100-140° C.

Provided is a resin film formed of a cell culture scaffold material, which has excellent fixation of cells after seeding and is capable of enhancing proliferation rate of cells. A resin film formed of a cell culture scaffold material, in which the cell culture scaffold material contains a synthetic resin, and the resin film has phase-separated structure including least a first phase and a second phase, and a ratio of the surface area of one of the first phase and the second phase to the entire surface is 0.01 or more and 0.95 or less.

Provided is a resin film formed of a cell culture scaffold material, which has excellent fixation of cells after seeding and is capable of enhancing proliferation rate of cells. A resin film formed of a cell culture scaffold material, in which the cell culture scaffold material contains a synthetic resin, and the resin film has phase-separated structure including least a first phase and a second phase, and a ratio of the surface area of one of the first phase and the second phase to the entire surface is 0.01 or more and 0.95 or less.