The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

Presently described is a monomer having the formula:

##STR00001##

wherein n ranges from 2 to 8; Y is F or C.sub.mF.sub.2m+1; a is 0, or averages 1 to 2; m is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; and X is F or OH.

Also described is a method of making such monomer, various compounds prepared during while making the monomer, fluoropolymers comprising polymerized units of such monomer, fuel cell membranes, membrane electrode assemblies, and methods of making fluoropolymers.

Presently described is a monomer having the formula:

##STR00001##

wherein n ranges from 2 to 8; Y is F or C.sub.mF.sub.2m+1; a is 0, or averages 1 to 2; m is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; and X is F or OH.

Also described is a method of making such monomer, various compounds prepared during while making the monomer, fluoropolymers comprising polymerized units of such monomer, fuel cell membranes, membrane electrode assemblies, and methods of making fluoropolymers.

The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2]—, at least one divalent unit represented by formula (I): and at least one divalent unit independently represented by formula (II): A is —N(RF.sup.a).sub.2 or a is non-aromatic, 5- to 8-membered, perfluorinated ring comprising one or two nitrogen atoms in the ring and optionally comprising at least one oxygen atom in the ring, each RFa is independently linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally interrupted by at least one catenated O or N atom, each Y is independently —H or —F, with the proviso that one Y may be —CF.sub.3, h is 0, 1, or 2, each i is independently 2 to 8, and j is 0, 1, or 2. A catalyst ink and polymer electrolyte membrane including the copolymer are also provided.

##STR00001##

The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2]—, at least one divalent unit represented by formula (I): and at least one divalent unit independently represented by formula (II): A is —N(RF.sup.a).sub.2 or a is non-aromatic, 5- to 8-membered, perfluorinated ring comprising one or two nitrogen atoms in the ring and optionally comprising at least one oxygen atom in the ring, each RFa is independently linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally interrupted by at least one catenated O or N atom, each Y is independently —H or —F, with the proviso that one Y may be —CF.sub.3, h is 0, 1, or 2, each i is independently 2 to 8, and j is 0, 1, or 2. A catalyst ink and polymer electrolyte membrane including the copolymer are also provided.

##STR00001##

An aqueous binder composition for a secondary battery electrode is provided, comprising a copolymer and a dispersion medium, wherein the copolymer comprises a structural unit (a) derived from a carboxylic acid group-containing monomer, a structural unit (b) derived from an amide group-containing monomer and a structural unit (c) derived from a nitrile group-containing monomer, with an improved binding capability. In addition, battery cells comprising the cathode prepared using the binder composition disclosed herein exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance.

An aqueous binder composition for a secondary battery electrode is provided, comprising a copolymer and a dispersion medium, wherein the copolymer comprises a structural unit (a) derived from a carboxylic acid group-containing monomer, a structural unit (b) derived from an amide group-containing monomer and a structural unit (c) derived from a nitrile group-containing monomer, with an improved binding capability. In addition, battery cells comprising the cathode prepared using the binder composition disclosed herein exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance.

The present invention generally relates to the field of cross-linkable aqueous vinyl polymer dispersions, to a coating composition comprising said cross-linkable aqueous vinyl polymer dispersions; to a paint formulation comprising said cross-linkable aqueous vinyl polymer dispersions; and to an article coated with the coating composition or the paint formulation. In particular, the present invention provides an aqueous vinyl polymer dispersion PD which comprises the following polymers: —1) an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl polymer P1 obtainable by free radical emulsion polymerization of a monomers mixture comprising: a) 5 to 20 wt % acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomers M1 or precursors thereof; b) 5 to 25 wt % ethylenically unsaturated monomers M2 containing a polyethylene glycol or monoalkoxy polyethylene glycol moiety; c) up to 90 wt % of non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers M3 other than M1 or M2; d) 0 to 10 wt % ethylenically unsaturated monomers M4 with a functional group for cross-linking after film-formation; e) 0 to 10 wt % of at least one chain transfer agent CTA; where the sum of the wt. % of M1+M2+M3+M4+CTA=100 wt %; —2) an aqueous dispersion or solution of a vinyl polymer P2 obtainable by free radical copolymerization of: a) from 25 to 95 wt % of a ethylenically unsaturated monomers M5 selected from the group of N-vinyl amides with general structure (I) where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 and may be connected to form a ring-structure, preferably N-vinyl pyrrolidone or N-vinyl caprolactam; b) from 5 to 75 wt % of non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers M3′ other than M5; c) from 0 to 5 wt % of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M4′ with a functional group for cross-linking after film-formation; d) from 0 to 10 wt % acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomers M1′ or precursors thereof; e) from 0 to 5 wt % of at least one chain transfer agent CTA′; where the sum of the wt. % of: M5+M3′+M4′+M1′+CTA′=100 wt %; —3) a film-forming vinyl polymer P3 under the form of an aqueous dispersion comprising: i) from 20 to 60 wt % of a water-soluble or water dispersible crosslinkable vinyl oligomer OL obtained by emulsion polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising: 1) at least one acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomer M1″; 2) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer M4″ with functionality for crosslinking upon film-formation, other than M1″; 3) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer M3″ other than M1″ and M2″, and 5) optionally, at least one chain transfer agent CTA″, and ii) from 40 to 80 wt % of a high molecular weight vinyl polymer P4 prepared

The present invention generally relates to the field of cross-linkable aqueous vinyl polymer dispersions, to a coating composition comprising said cross-linkable aqueous vinyl polymer dispersions; to a paint formulation comprising said cross-linkable aqueous vinyl polymer dispersions; and to an article coated with the coating composition or the paint formulation. In particular, the present invention provides an aqueous vinyl polymer dispersion PD which comprises the following polymers: —1) an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl polymer P1 obtainable by free radical emulsion polymerization of a monomers mixture comprising: a) 5 to 20 wt % acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomers M1 or precursors thereof; b) 5 to 25 wt % ethylenically unsaturated monomers M2 containing a polyethylene glycol or monoalkoxy polyethylene glycol moiety; c) up to 90 wt % of non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers M3 other than M1 or M2; d) 0 to 10 wt % ethylenically unsaturated monomers M4 with a functional group for cross-linking after film-formation; e) 0 to 10 wt % of at least one chain transfer agent CTA; where the sum of the wt. % of M1+M2+M3+M4+CTA=100 wt %; —2) an aqueous dispersion or solution of a vinyl polymer P2 obtainable by free radical copolymerization of: a) from 25 to 95 wt % of a ethylenically unsaturated monomers M5 selected from the group of N-vinyl amides with general structure (I) where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 and may be connected to form a ring-structure, preferably N-vinyl pyrrolidone or N-vinyl caprolactam; b) from 5 to 75 wt % of non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers M3′ other than M5; c) from 0 to 5 wt % of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M4′ with a functional group for cross-linking after film-formation; d) from 0 to 10 wt % acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomers M1′ or precursors thereof; e) from 0 to 5 wt % of at least one chain transfer agent CTA′; where the sum of the wt. % of: M5+M3′+M4′+M1′+CTA′=100 wt %; —3) a film-forming vinyl polymer P3 under the form of an aqueous dispersion comprising: i) from 20 to 60 wt % of a water-soluble or water dispersible crosslinkable vinyl oligomer OL obtained by emulsion polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising: 1) at least one acid functional ethylenically unsaturated monomer M1″; 2) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer M4″ with functionality for crosslinking upon film-formation, other than M1″; 3) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer M3″ other than M1″ and M2″, and 5) optionally, at least one chain transfer agent CTA″, and ii) from 40 to 80 wt % of a high molecular weight vinyl polymer P4 prepared