Provided is a resin composition including at least one (meth)acrylate monomer, a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, and at least one photo initiator. The urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer includes a phosphate ester group and is represented by Formula 1. Accordingly, the resin composition may exhibit satisfactory compatibility before curing and may exhibit excellent adhesion after curing. ##STR00001##

A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below, and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below,

##STR00001##

where, in General Formula (1), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 5 or less carbon atoms, and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation,

##STR00002##

where, in General Formula (2), R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 18 or less carbon atoms.

A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below, and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below,

##STR00001##

where, in General Formula (1), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 5 or less carbon atoms, and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation,

##STR00002##

where, in General Formula (2), R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 18 or less carbon atoms.

A problem is presented in that conventional photochromic compounds cannot be considered adequate in terms of the colorizing/decolorizing rate and durability, and the production process therefore has many steps. The present invention provides an industrially applicable photochromic compound that has both a rapid colorizing/decolorizing reaction and high durability and can also be synthesized at a low cost. This compound is characterized in that etheric oxygen atoms are bonded to the carbon atoms at position 1 of a pyranoquinazoline (8H-pyrano[3,2-f]quinazoline) skeleton and position 10 of a naphthopyran (3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran) skeleton, said compound having photochromic properties and being a photochromic compound that has both a rapid colorizing/decolorizing reaction and high durability. Also provided is an industrially applicable photochromic compound that can be synthesized at a low cost.

A problem is presented in that conventional photochromic compounds cannot be considered adequate in terms of the colorizing/decolorizing rate and durability, and the production process therefore has many steps. The present invention provides an industrially applicable photochromic compound that has both a rapid colorizing/decolorizing reaction and high durability and can also be synthesized at a low cost. This compound is characterized in that etheric oxygen atoms are bonded to the carbon atoms at position 1 of a pyranoquinazoline (8H-pyrano[3,2-f]quinazoline) skeleton and position 10 of a naphthopyran (3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran) skeleton, said compound having photochromic properties and being a photochromic compound that has both a rapid colorizing/decolorizing reaction and high durability. Also provided is an industrially applicable photochromic compound that can be synthesized at a low cost.

The present invention is directed to an addition polymer comprising an addition polymer backbone; at least one moiety comprising a phosphorous acid group, the moiety being covalently bonded to the addition polymer backbone by a carbon-carbon bond; and at least one carbamate functional group. The present invention is also directed towards methods of making the addition polymer, aqueous resinous dispersions and electrodepositable coating compositions comprising the addition polymer, methods of coating a substrate and coated substrates.

Provided is a laminate having a good whiteness and a high infrared-shielding property. Provided are also a kit forming the above-mentioned laminate, a method for producing a laminate, and an optical sensor. The laminate includes an infrared-shielding layer and a white layer, in which the infrared-shielding layer is a layer that shields at least a part of a wavelength range at 800 to 1,500 nm, and the white layer has a value of L* of 35 to 100, a value of a* of −20 to 20, and a value of b* of −40 to 30 in a L*a*b* color coordinate system of CIE 1976.

Provided is a laminate having a good whiteness and a high infrared-shielding property. Provided are also a kit forming the above-mentioned laminate, a method for producing a laminate, and an optical sensor. The laminate includes an infrared-shielding layer and a white layer, in which the infrared-shielding layer is a layer that shields at least a part of a wavelength range at 800 to 1,500 nm, and the white layer has a value of L* of 35 to 100, a value of a* of −20 to 20, and a value of b* of −40 to 30 in a L*a*b* color coordinate system of CIE 1976.

An ink contains water, a pigment, and a polymer having a structure unit represented by the following Chemical structure 1, ##STR00001## where R.sub.1 represents an organic group having at least carbon and oxygen.

An ink contains water, a pigment, and a polymer having a structure unit represented by the following Chemical structure 1, ##STR00001## where R.sub.1 represents an organic group having at least carbon and oxygen.