Disclosed is a fluorine-containing oligomer comprising a copolymer of a fluoroalkyl alcohol (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula:

C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.a(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.b(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.cOCOCR═CH.sub.2  [I]

wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n is an integer of 1 to 6, a is an integer of 1 to 4; b is an integer of 0 to 3; and c is an integer of 1 to 3; and a (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula:

(CH.sub.2═CRCO).sub.mR′  [II]

wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m is 1, 2, or 3; and when m is 1, R′ is OH group, NH.sub.2 group that is unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group derived from an alkylene glycol or polyalkylene glycol group containing an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms; when m is 2 or 3, R′ is a divalent or trivalent organic group derived from a diol or triol. The copolymerization reaction is performed using a hydrocarbon-based peroxide or azo compound polymerization initiator. Also disclosed are nano-silica composite particles formed as a condensate of the fluorine-containing oligomer and an alkoxysilane with nano-silica particles.

Disclosed is a fluorine-containing oligomer comprising a copolymer of a fluoroalkyl alcohol (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula:

C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1(CH.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.a(CF.sub.2CF.sub.2).sub.b(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.cOCOCR═CH.sub.2  [I]

wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n is an integer of 1 to 6, a is an integer of 1 to 4; b is an integer of 0 to 3; and c is an integer of 1 to 3; and a (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the general formula:

(CH.sub.2═CRCO).sub.mR′  [II]

wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m is 1, 2, or 3; and when m is 1, R′ is OH group, NH.sub.2 group that is unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group derived from an alkylene glycol or polyalkylene glycol group containing an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms; when m is 2 or 3, R′ is a divalent or trivalent organic group derived from a diol or triol. The copolymerization reaction is performed using a hydrocarbon-based peroxide or azo compound polymerization initiator. Also disclosed are nano-silica composite particles formed as a condensate of the fluorine-containing oligomer and an alkoxysilane with nano-silica particles.

A coated article is disclosed that includes a metal substrate and a coating composition disposed on at least a portion of the metal substrate. The coating can be formed from a composition that includes an acrylic copolymer, which is preferably the reaction product of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a functional monomer. The functional monomer can be the reaction product of a multifunctional isocyanate and an ethylenically unsaturated nucleophilic monomer. The functional monomer preferably includes a blocked isocyanate group. The articles can be useful for packaging foods and beverages.

A coated article is disclosed that includes a metal substrate and a coating composition disposed on at least a portion of the metal substrate. The coating can be formed from a composition that includes an acrylic copolymer, which is preferably the reaction product of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a functional monomer. The functional monomer can be the reaction product of a multifunctional isocyanate and an ethylenically unsaturated nucleophilic monomer. The functional monomer preferably includes a blocked isocyanate group. The articles can be useful for packaging foods and beverages.

To provide a water/oil repellent composition whereby it is possible to obtain an article which is excellent in each of water-repellency, oil-repellency, washing durability, heavy rain durability and texture, a method for producing said composition, and an article which is excellent in each of water-repellency, oil-repellency, washing durability, heavy rain durability and texture. The water/oil repellent composition comprises a copolymer having units based on a monomer (a), units based on a monomer (b) and units based on a monomer (c), and a liquid medium. Monomer (a): a compound represented by (Z—Y).sub.nX (Z: a C.sub.1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, etc.; Y: a divalent organic group, etc.; n: 1 or 2; X: a polymerizable unsaturated group). Monomer (b): a (meth)acrylate having no polyfluoroalkyl group and having an alkyl group with at least 20 carbon atoms. Monomer (c): a compound represented by CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1C(O)O—[(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.a(C.sub.4H.sub.8O).sub.b]—H (R.sup.1: a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a/b=1 to 3).

To provide a water/oil repellent composition whereby it is possible to obtain an article which is excellent in each of water-repellency, oil-repellency, washing durability, heavy rain durability and texture, a method for producing said composition, and an article which is excellent in each of water-repellency, oil-repellency, washing durability, heavy rain durability and texture. The water/oil repellent composition comprises a copolymer having units based on a monomer (a), units based on a monomer (b) and units based on a monomer (c), and a liquid medium. Monomer (a): a compound represented by (Z—Y).sub.nX (Z: a C.sub.1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, etc.; Y: a divalent organic group, etc.; n: 1 or 2; X: a polymerizable unsaturated group). Monomer (b): a (meth)acrylate having no polyfluoroalkyl group and having an alkyl group with at least 20 carbon atoms. Monomer (c): a compound represented by CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1C(O)O—[(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.a(C.sub.4H.sub.8O).sub.b]—H (R.sup.1: a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a/b=1 to 3).

This invention deals with a new alkylphenol ethoxylated free (APE-free) reactive nonionic surfactant with terminal unsaturation in the hydrophobic part comprising at least one of monoesters and diesters and a process to obtain the APE-free reactive nonionic surfactant comprising the alkoxylation step of fatty acid with terminal unsaturation or direct esterification of fatty acid with terminal unsaturation and glycol derivative. Furthermore, emulsion polymerized latexes are disclosed, which are polymerized with an anionic surfactant and a reactive nonionic surfactant of this invention. Latexes prepared according to this invention generated water-based coating compositions with high water resistance.

This invention deals with a new alkylphenol ethoxylated free (APE-free) reactive nonionic surfactant with terminal unsaturation in the hydrophobic part comprising at least one of monoesters and diesters and a process to obtain the APE-free reactive nonionic surfactant comprising the alkoxylation step of fatty acid with terminal unsaturation or direct esterification of fatty acid with terminal unsaturation and glycol derivative. Furthermore, emulsion polymerized latexes are disclosed, which are polymerized with an anionic surfactant and a reactive nonionic surfactant of this invention. Latexes prepared according to this invention generated water-based coating compositions with high water resistance.

A smart window including a solid polymer film which is opaque at an ambient temperature and transparent at an elevated temperature; a transparent heater to supply uniform heating to at least a part of the solid polymer film; and a power supply connected to the transparent heater.

A smart window including a solid polymer film which is opaque at an ambient temperature and transparent at an elevated temperature; a transparent heater to supply uniform heating to at least a part of the solid polymer film; and a power supply connected to the transparent heater.