As a technology capable of improving the durability of an electroluminescent device, for example, luminescence lifespan, a polymeric compound including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, or a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and an electroluminescent device material or electroluminescent device including the same are provided:

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, R.sup.11 to R.sup.14 are not the same as R.sup.41 to R.sup.44.

As a technology capable of improving the durability of an electroluminescent device, for example, luminescence lifespan, a polymeric compound including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, or a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and an electroluminescent device material or electroluminescent device including the same are provided:

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, R.sup.11 to R.sup.14 are not the same as R.sup.41 to R.sup.44.

A hardmask composition and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition, the composition including a polymer including a moiety derived from a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a solvent:

##STR00001##

A hardmask composition and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition, the composition including a polymer including a moiety derived from a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a solvent:

##STR00001##

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

A hardmask composition and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition, the composition including a polymer including a moiety derived from a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a solvent: ##STR00001##

A hardmask composition and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition, the composition including a polymer including a moiety derived from a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a solvent: ##STR00001##

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.