Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a long shelf stabilized organopalladium compound of formula (I) as described herein. The composition further contains a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more olefinic monomers as described herein. The shelf life of the compositions can further be extended by employing a stabilizer, such as for example, a hindered amine. The composition undergoes vinyl addition polymerization when it is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film or a three dimensional object. More specifically, the compositions of this invention are stable at room temperature for several days to several months and can also be stored at higher temperatures from about 40° C. to 60° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to suitable actinic radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films and/or three dimensional objects having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, sealants, adhesives, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions comprising a long shelf stabilized organopalladium compound of formula (I) as described herein. The composition further contains a photoacid generator, a photosensitizer and one or more olefinic monomers as described herein. The shelf life of the compositions can further be extended by employing a stabilizer, such as for example, a hindered amine. The composition undergoes vinyl addition polymerization when it is exposed to a suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film or a three dimensional object. More specifically, the compositions of this invention are stable at room temperature for several days to several months and can also be stored at higher temperatures from about 40° C. to 60° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization only when subjected to suitable actinic radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of optical and mechanical properties, and thus these compositions can be tailored to form films and/or three dimensional objects having various opto-electronic properties. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, sealants, adhesives, among others.

Disclosed herein is a process to convert PVC plastic into a dechlorinated polymer, such as high density polyethylene, while substantially avoiding carbonization. The process also facilitates Cl recovery and/or reintroducing the dechlorinated plastic into product streams. In some embodiments, the process comprises heating a mixture of PVC and a catalyst and/or a base in a solvent, optionally in the presence of hydrogen gas.

Disclosed herein is a process to convert PVC plastic into a dechlorinated polymer, such as high density polyethylene, while substantially avoiding carbonization. The process also facilitates Cl recovery and/or reintroducing the dechlorinated plastic into product streams. In some embodiments, the process comprises heating a mixture of PVC and a catalyst and/or a base in a solvent, optionally in the presence of hydrogen gas.

The present invention pertains to a method for producing a copolymer of ethylene and an allyl monomer having a polar group represented by general formula (1), or a copolymer of ethylene, an allyl monomer having a polar group represented by general formula (1), and other monomers, wherein the copolymer is produced in the presence of a boron compound having a boron-hydrogen bond or a boron-carbon bond (for example, a compound represented by general formula (2)) by using a metal complex represented by general formula (C1) as a polymerization catalyst (the symbols in the formulas are as described in the description). According to the present invention, a copolymer of ethylene and an allyl monomer can be efficiently produced with high catalytic activity, wherein the copolymer has a polar group and can be used in various applications. ##STR00001##

The present invention pertains to a method for producing a copolymer of ethylene and an allyl monomer having a polar group represented by general formula (1), or a copolymer of ethylene, an allyl monomer having a polar group represented by general formula (1), and other monomers, wherein the copolymer is produced in the presence of a boron compound having a boron-hydrogen bond or a boron-carbon bond (for example, a compound represented by general formula (2)) by using a metal complex represented by general formula (C1) as a polymerization catalyst (the symbols in the formulas are as described in the description). According to the present invention, a copolymer of ethylene and an allyl monomer can be efficiently produced with high catalytic activity, wherein the copolymer has a polar group and can be used in various applications. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides base stocks and processes for producing such basestocks by polymerizing internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides base stocks, comprising low molecular weight polyolefin products, having one or more of improved flow, low temperature properties, and thickening efficiency. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing a feedstream comprising C.sub.4-C.sub.30 internal-olefins with a catalyst system comprising a nickel diimine catalyst optionally in the presence of a solvent. The method includes obtaining a C.sub.6-C.sub.100 polyolefin product having one or more of a carbon fraction of epsilon-carbons of from about 0.08 to about 0.3, as determined by .sup.13C NMR spectroscopy, based on the total carbon content of the polyolefin product.

The present disclosure provides base stocks and processes for producing such basestocks by polymerizing internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides base stocks, comprising low molecular weight polyolefin products, having one or more of improved flow, low temperature properties, and thickening efficiency. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing a feedstream comprising C.sub.4-C.sub.30 internal-olefins with a catalyst system comprising a nickel diimine catalyst optionally in the presence of a solvent. The method includes obtaining a C.sub.6-C.sub.100 polyolefin product having one or more of a carbon fraction of epsilon-carbons of from about 0.08 to about 0.3, as determined by .sup.13C NMR spectroscopy, based on the total carbon content of the polyolefin product.

Recent progress in photoinitiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (photo-ROMP) has enabled the lithographic production of patterned films from olefinic resins. The use of a latent ruthenium catalyst (e.g., HeatMet) in combination with a photosensitizer (e.g., 2-isopropylthioxanthone) to rapidly photopolymerize metathesis-monomers (e.g., dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)) upon irradiation with UV light has previously been demonstrated. See U.S. application Ser. No. 17/677,558. In addition to the exemplary catalysts and photosensitizers described in that work, a variety of alternative catalysts and photosensitizers are commercially available that allows for tuning of thermomechanical properties, potlifes, activation rates, and irradiation wavelengths. As an example, fourteen catalysts and eight photosensitizers were surveyed for the photo-ROMP of DCPD and the structure-activity relationships of the catalysts examined. Properties relevant to photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing—potlifes, printing irradiation dose, conversion—were characterized to develop catalyst and photosensitizer libraries. Two optimized catalyst/photosensitizer systems were demonstrated in the rapid stereolithographic printing of complex, multidimensional pDCPD structures with microscale features under ambient conditions.

Recent progress in photoinitiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (photo-ROMP) has enabled the lithographic production of patterned films from olefinic resins. The use of a latent ruthenium catalyst (e.g., HeatMet) in combination with a photosensitizer (e.g., 2-isopropylthioxanthone) to rapidly photopolymerize metathesis-monomers (e.g., dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)) upon irradiation with UV light has previously been demonstrated. See U.S. application Ser. No. 17/677,558. In addition to the exemplary catalysts and photosensitizers described in that work, a variety of alternative catalysts and photosensitizers are commercially available that allows for tuning of thermomechanical properties, potlifes, activation rates, and irradiation wavelengths. As an example, fourteen catalysts and eight photosensitizers were surveyed for the photo-ROMP of DCPD and the structure-activity relationships of the catalysts examined. Properties relevant to photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing—potlifes, printing irradiation dose, conversion—were characterized to develop catalyst and photosensitizer libraries. Two optimized catalyst/photosensitizer systems were demonstrated in the rapid stereolithographic printing of complex, multidimensional pDCPD structures with microscale features under ambient conditions.