The invention relates to new conjugated semiconducting polymers containing thermally cleavable side groups. The thermally cleavable side groups are selected from among carbonate groups and carbamate groups, By thermally cleaving side groups, the solubility or the polymers can he reduced in a targeted manner. The polymers are used as semiconductors in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, organic photodetectors (OPDs), organic light emitling diodes (OLEDs), and organic field effect transistors (OFETs).

A polymer, a mixture containing the same, a formulation, an organic electronic component, and a monomer for polymerization. The polymer comprises a repeat unit E1 and a repeat unit E2. An E1 group on a side chain of the repeat unit E1 and an E2 group on a side chain of the repeat unit E2 have features for forming Exciplexes, min((LUMO(E1)−HOMO(E2), LUMO(E2)−HOMO(E1))≤min(E.sub.T(E1),E.sub.T(E2))+0.1 eV being satisfied, and accordingly a polymer suitable for printing technologies is provided, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of OLEDs.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to yellow/orange-to-transmissive conjugated polymers, a method to prepare the yellow/orange conjugated polymers, and an electrochromic and/or electroluminescent device comprising the neutral state yellow/orange conjugated polymers as one of a plurality of primary subtractive colored conjugated polymers. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers show enhanced redox stability and can have a (D.sub.2Ar.sub.z).sub.n structure with a dioxyheterocycle repeating unit or a (DAr.sub.z).sub.n structure with a dioxythiophene monomer that has at least one substituted carbon α to an oxygen of the monomer; and where the one to three Ar groups have at least one carbon α to the carbon attached to a D unit substituted that has at least 5 atoms in the substituent. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers show enhanced redox stability. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers are prepared by cross-condensation reactions.

The method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer starts with dissolving a dibrominated pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d]bisthiazole monomer having the formula: ##STR00001##
where R is an alkyl group, in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF). Then, the solvated monomer is treated with 1 equivalent of a Turbo-Grignard reagent complex having the formula .sup.iPrMgCl.LiCl at 0 C. to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and after stirring, the reaction mixture is refluxed for 24 hours. A conjugated homopolymer product having the formula: ##STR00002##
where n is the number of repeating units of pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d]bisthiazole, is recovered from the reaction mixture. The PBTz-based homopolymers showed broad absorption from 450 to 850 nm in thin film and excellent photochemical and thermal stability, making the polymers suitable for lightweight, low cost plastic electronic devices.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous ink composition containing (a) a polythiophene containing a repeating unit complying with formula (I); (b) metal oxide nanoparticles containing at least (b-1) a first metal oxide nanoparticle having an average primary particle diameter d.sub.1 and (b-2) a second metal oxide nanoparticle having an average primary particle diameter d.sub.2, wherein d.sub.1<d.sub.2; and (c) a liquid carrier containing one or more organic solvents, as well as a pile-up suppressor and a lifetime extension agent for an organic EL device, containing metal oxide nanoparticles containing at least the (b-1) and (b-2) described above, wherein d.sub.1<d.sub.2.

A polymer, a mixture containing the same, a formulation, an organic electronic component, and a monomer for polymerization. The polymer comprises a repeat unit E1 and a repeat unit E2. An E1 group on a side chain of the repeat unit E1 and an E2 group on a side chain of the repeat unit E2 have features for forming Exciplexes, min((LUMO(E1)-HOMO(E2), LUMO(E2)-HOMO(E1))min(E.sub.T(E1),E.sub.T(E2))+0.1 eV being satisfied, and accordingly a polymer suitable for printing technologies is provided, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of OLEDs.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to yellow/orange-to-transmissive conjugated polymers, a method to prepare the yellow/orange conjugated polymers, and an electrochromic and/or electroluminescent device comprising the neutral state yellow/orange conjugated polymers as one of a plurality of primary subtractive colored conjugated polymers. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers show enhanced redox stability and can have a (D.sub.2Ar.sub.z).sub.n structure with a dioxyheterocycle repeating unit or a (DAr.sub.z).sub.n structure with a dioxythiophene monomer that has at least one substituted carbon to an oxygen of the monomer; and where the one to three Ar groups have at least one carbon to the carbon attached to a D unit substituted that has at least 5 atoms in the substituent. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers show enhanced redox stability. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers are prepared by cross-condensation reactions.

The method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer starts with dissolving a dibrominated pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d]bisthiazole monomer having the formula:

##STR00001##

where R is an alkyl group, in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF). Then, the solvated monomer is treated with 1 equivalent of a Turbo-Grignard reagent complex having the formula .sup.iPrMgCl.LiCl at 0? C. to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and after stirring, the reaction mixture is refluxed for 24 hours. A conjugated homopolymer product having the formula:

##STR00002##

where n is the number of repeating units of pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d]bisthiazole, is recovered from the reaction mixture. The PBTz-based homopolymers showed broad absorption from 450 to 850 nm in thin film and excellent photochemical and thermal stability, making the polymers suitable for lightweight, low cost plastic electronic devices.

Monomeric 3-substituted tellurophene compounds, as well as their use in the synthesis of oligomeric and/or polymeric compounds consisting of two or more tellurophene-2,5-diyl groups which are covalently linked to each other are disclosed, as is the use of said oligomers and polymers in devices such as diodes and solar cells, electrodes and semiconductors.

The method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer starts with dissolving a dibrominated pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d]bisthiazole monomer having the formula:

##STR00001##

where R is an alkyl group, in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF). Then, the solvated monomer is treated with 1 equivalent of a Turbo-Grignard reagent complex having the formula .sup.iPrMgCl.LiCl at 0? C. to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and after stirring, the reaction mixture is refluxed for 24 hours. A conjugated homopolymer product having the formula:

##STR00002##

where n is the number of repeating units of pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d]bisthiazole, is recovered from the reaction mixture. The PBTz-based homopolymers showed broad absorption from 450 to 850 nm in thin film and excellent photochemical and thermal stability, making the polymers suitable for lightweight, low cost plastic electronic devices.