An example of a kit includes a flow cell, a primer fluid, and a cleaving fluid. The flow cell includes at least one surface functionalized with a polymeric hydrogel including azide functional groups or amine functional groups. The primer fluid includes a plurality of alkyne-containing primers, each alkyne-containing primer having an amino cleavable group attaching a primer sequence of the alkyne-containing primer to an alkyne-containing moiety of the alkyne-containing primer. The cleaving fluid includes a substance that is reactive with the amino cleavable group.

Polylactide resins are branched by reaction with a mixture of a polyene compound and a cyclic peroxide. This branching method produces a product that has a very high polydispersity, a high branching number (B.sub.n) and excellent melt strength, without forming large amounts of gelled material. The branched polylactide resins are useful in many melt processing operations, in particular sheet and film extrusion, extrusion foaming, extrusion coating and fiber processing. They are characterized by easy processing and allow for broadened processing windows.

A photoelectric conversion compound is provided. The photoelectric conversion compound has a structure represented by formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein D represents an inorganic luminescent group; each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group; R.sup.4 represents a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group; m represents an integer of 1-10; k represents an integer of 1-1,000; and n represents an integer of 1-10,000.

The present invention relates to a process for polymerizing lactide comprising the steps of a) preparing a liquid catalyst formulation comprising a catalyst, an initiator and lactide, and b) contacting the liquid catalyst formulation prepared in step a) with lactide, and polymerizing said lactide in the presence of said liquid catalyst formulation to form polylactide. The invention further provides a liquid catalyst formulation and use thereof for polymerizing lactide.

A preparation method of a fluoropolymer processing aid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: simultaneously adding ε-caprolactone and a fluoropolymer elastomer into a reactor, and heating to completely dissolve the fluoropolymer elastomer; and then cooling, adding polyol, mixing thoroughly, and adding an organotin catalyst to carry out a polymerization reaction; and after the reaction is finished, carrying out cooling, pulverizing or spray granulation so as to obtain the fluoropolymer processing aid. The processing aid prepared by using the method can reduce the extrusion pressure of a polymer during extrusion, improve the processing efficiency, improve the phenomena of melt rupture and “sharkskin” during polymer extrusion, and effectively enhance the surface quality of a product. Compared with the prior art, the processing aid of the invention has the characteristics of uniform dispersed particle size during polymer processing, no coking at a die head during long-time polymer extrusion processing, etc.

An end and monomer functionalized poly(propylene fumarate) polymer and methods for preparing this polymer, comprising isomerized residue of a maleic anhydride monomer and a functionalized propylene oxide monomer according to the formula: ##STR00001## where n is an integer from more than 1 to 100; R is the residue of an initiating alcohol having a propargyl, norbornene, ketone or benzyl functional group; and R′ is a second functional group selected from the group consisting of propargyl groups, 2-nitrophenyl groups, and combinations thereof are disclosed. The end and monomer functional groups allow for post-polymerization modification with bioactive materials using “click” chemistries and use of the polymer for a variety of applications in medical fields, including, for example, 3-D printed polymer scaffold.

Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of ethylene oxide to polypropiolactone. System for the production of polypropiolactone are also provided.

Novel processes of preparing block polyester copolymers while precisely controlling the stereoconfiguration (e.g., tacticity), chemical composition and/or length of each unit (block) are provided. Block polyester copolymers featuring desirable combinations of two or more blocks featuring different stereoconfiguration (e.g., tacticity), chemical composition and/or length, including triblock, tetrablock and higher block copolymers are also provided. A novel family of organometallic magnesium complexes and uses thereof in preparing polyesters and block polyester copolymers are also provided.

Provided are integrated processes for she conversion of ethylene oxide to polypropiolactone. Systems for the production of polypropiolactone are also provided.

Biodegradable polymers with advantageous physical and chemical properties are described, as well as methods for making such polymers. In one embodiment, a new chemical synthesis route to technologically important biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) with high isotacticity and molecular weight required for a practical use is described. The new route can utilize racemic eight-membered cyclic diolide (rac-DL), meso-DL, or a rac-DL and meso-DL mixture, derived from bio-sourced dimethyl succinate, and enantiomeric (R,R)-DL and (S,S)-DL, optically resolved by metal-based catalysts. With a stereoselective racemic molecular catalyst, the ROP of rac-DL under ambient conditions produces rapidly P3HB with essentially perfect isotacticity ([mm]>99%), high crystallinity and melting temperature (T.sub.m=171° C.), as well as high molecular weight and low dispersity (M.sub.n=1.54×10.sup.5 g/mol, Ð=1.01).