A bio-renewable flame-retardant compound is disclosed. The bio-renewable flame-retardant compound includes a cyclic structure formed in a reaction with a bio-renewable diene.

Techniques regarding star polymers with enhanced antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, a polymer is provided that can comprise a core that can have a singlet oxygen generator and that can generate a singlet oxygen species upon irradiation with light. The polymer can also comprise a plurality of polycarbonate arms covalently bonded to the core. The plurality of polycarbonate arms can be degradable and can comprise a cation. Further, the plurality of polycarbonate arms can have antimicrobial functionality.

A bio-renewable flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a bio-renewable flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture comprising a bio-renewable flame-retardant compound are disclosed. The bio-renewable flame-retardant compound includes a cyclic structure formed in a reaction with a bio-renewable diene. The process for forming a bio-renewable flame-retardant compound includes the selection and reaction of a bio-renewable diene, a dienophile, and optionally a phosphorus compound to form a cyclic compound, reacting the cyclic compound with a phosphorus compound to form a cyclic flame-retardant compound, and forming a bio-renewable flame-retardant polymer that includes the bio-renewable flame-retardant compound. The article of manufacture includes a material containing the bio-renewable flame-retardant compound.

Techniques regarding star polymers with enhanced antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, a polymer is provided that can comprise a core that can have a singlet oxygen generator and that can generate a singlet oxygen species upon irradiation with light. The polymer can also comprise a plurality of polycarbonate arms covalently bonded to the core. The plurality of polycarbonate arms can be degradable and can comprise a cation. Further, the plurality of polycarbonate arms can have antimicrobial functionality.

Techniques regarding star polymers with enhanced antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, a polymer is provided that can comprise a core that can have a singlet oxygen generator and that can generate a singlet oxygen species upon irradiation with light. The polymer can also comprise a plurality of polycarbonate arms covalently bonded to the core. The plurality of polycarbonate arms can be degradable and can comprise a cation. Further, the plurality of polycarbonate arms can have antimicrobial functionality.

Techniques regarding star polymers with enhanced antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, a polymer is provided that can comprise a core that can have a singlet oxygen generator and that can generate a singlet oxygen species upon irradiation with light. The polymer can also comprise a plurality of polycarbonate arms covalently bonded to the core. The plurality of polycarbonate arms can be degradable and can comprise a cation. Further, the plurality of polycarbonate arms can have antimicrobial functionality.