A nanocomposite blend membrane and fabrication methods for making the nanocomposite membrane are disclosed. The nanocomposite blend membrane can be utilized in fuel cells. The nanocomposite blend membrane may include a blend polymer with a first sulfonated polymer and a second sulfonated polymer, as well as sulfonated tungsten trioxide (WO.sub.3) nanoparticles.

Methods of enhanced oil recovery are disclosed that use compositions including an alkyl polyether anionic surfactant having the general structure R.sup.1JA, wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 primary or secondary radical group, J is a random, block, alternating, or alternating block polyether segment having the structure [(PO).sub.x(EO).sub.y(BO).sub.z], wherein x is 4 to 18, y is 0 to 20, and z is 0 to 5, and A is an anionic group; a co-surfactant having the general structure (R.sup.2).sub.q(B)Ph-L-Ph(D)(R.sup.3).sub.r, wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each, independently in each instance, a C.sub.8-C.sub.24 linear or branched, primary or secondary alkyl group, B and D are anionic groups, q is 1 to 3, r is 1 to 3, and L is O or CH.sub.2; and an alkoxy alcohol.

Compositions consisting of block copolymers α,ω-di-aryl or alkyl sulfonates of poly(ethylene oxide).sub.w-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide).sub.w of bis-ammonium and block copolymers α,ω-di-amine of poly(ethylene oxide).sub.w-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide).sub.w, are provided that are effective in the dewatering and desalting crude oils whose specific gravities are within the range of 14 to 20° API. A method of dewatering and desalting heavy crude oil adds a mixture of the copolymer bifunctionalized with an aliphatic or aromatic secondary amine and a copolymer bifunctionalized with an aliphatic or aromatic tertiary amine.

The present invention relates to water-soluble alkoxylated polyalkyleneimines having an inner block of polyethylene oxide comprising 5 to 18 polyethylene oxide units, a middle block of polyalkylene oxide comprising 1 to 5 polyalkylene oxide units and an outer block of polyethylene oxide comprising 2 to 14 polyethylene oxide units. The middle block is formed from polypropylene oxide units, polybutylene oxide units and/or polypentene oxide units. In addition, the present invention relates to water-soluble alkoxylated polyamines.

A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by Formula (1) is provided.
R.sup.1—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.4—R.sup.5   (1)
(In Formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 each represents a group having a heterocyclic ring and may be the same as or different from each other, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 each represents a divalent linking group having a polar group and play be the same as or different from each other, and R.sup.3 represents a perfluoropolyether chain.)

The present invention relates to highly concentrated, anhydrous amine salts of hydrocarbon polyalkoxy sulfates, wherein the salts are selected from the group of substituted amines, preferably alkanolamines. The products obtained are of low viscosity and pumpable at room temperature. Due to the absence of water, the salts are highly resistant to hydrolysis, even at high temperatures. The invention further relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention in an aqueous dilution for use in oil reservoirs with the aim of achieving enhanced oil production, or for the recovery of hydrocarbons from tar sands or other surfaces or materials provided with hydrocarbon.

The invention relates to glycerol acetal polyethers of general formula (I) or (II), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and n have the meaning specified in the description. Said glycerol acetal polyethers are suitable as electrolyte solvents in a lithium cell, in particular a lithium-sulfur cell. The hydroxyl content of said glycerol acetal polyethers is preferably less than 0.2 wt %. In a method for producing said glycerol acetal polyethers, glycerol acetal polyether alcohols are reacted with a C1-C18 mono- or dialkyl sulfate or C1-C18 mono- or dialkyl sulfonate in the presence of an alkaline earth.

A responsive hydrogel-based material may be used as a carrier system for the in situ delivery of various cargo substances, including bioactive moieties. The hydrogel structure, which includes photodegradable and thioether moieties in its three dimensional network, enables finely tuned local release of cargo substances as a function of the in vivo tissue environment (e.g., enzyme concentration or reducing environment) and externally applied stimuli (e.g., light) by selective spatiotemporal hydrogel degradation.

Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated salts of allyl (poly)ether sulfates utilized as reactive surfactants or emulsifiers during emulsion polymerization.

A novel multi-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) (I) and preparation method thereof. Active derivatives (II) based on the multi-arm PEG. Gels formed of the active derivatives. Drug conjugates formed of the active derivatives and drug molecules and uses thereof in medical preparation. The multi-arm PEG is formed by polymerizing ethylene oxide with pentaerythritol oligomers as initiator, wherein PEG is the same or different and is a —(CH2CH2O)m-, the average value of m is an integer of 3-1000, l is an integer more than or equal to 2. An 8-arm PEG is preferred, wherein l is equal to 3. The active derivatives (II) comprise link groups X attached to PEG and active end groups F attached to X.